Cam mechanism of a photographing lens

ABSTRACT

A cam mechanism includes a cam ring, and a linearly movable frame supporting an optical element. Cam groove groups are located at different positions in a circumferential direction on the cam ring, and each cam groove group includes cam grooves at different positions in the optical-axis direction and trace the same reference cam diagram. A cam groove intersects another cam groove of another cam groove group adjacent thereto in the circumferential direction. Each cam follower group includes cam followers located at different positions in the optical-axis direction engageable with the cam grooves of each cam groove group. In each cam groove group, at least one complementing cam follower of each cam follower group remains engaged in a corresponding cam groove when another cam follower of the complementing cam followers passes through an intersection area of the intersecting cam grooves during a rotation of the cam ring.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a cam mechanism which is incorporatedin a photographing (imaging) lens (lens barrel) such as a zoom lens of acamera. More particularly, the present invention relates to a cammechanism having a cam ring for moving a linearly movable member byrotation of the cam ring.

2. Description of the Related Art

Miniaturization of lens barrels incorporated in optical devices such ascameras has been in increasing demand. In retractable lens barrels whichadvance and retract by rotation of a cam ring, it is desirable to reducethe length of the cam ring while securing a sufficient range of movementof each movable lens group in an optical axis direction, and also it isdesirable to reduce the size of the cam ring while insuring the accuracyof travel of each movable lens group.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a cam mechanism, having a cam ring andused in a lens barrel, for moving a linearly movable member (linearlymovable frame) by rotation of the cam ring, wherein securing asufficient range of movement of each movable optical element (e.g., lensgroup) in an optical axis direction, insuring the accuracy of travel ofeach movable optical element and miniaturizing the cam ring are allachieved.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a cam mechanism isprovided, including a cam ring; and a linearly movable frame movable bythe cam ring along an optical axis of an optical system withoutrotating, by engagement of a plurality of cam groove groups located onthe cam ring with a plurality of cam follower groups located on thelinearly movable frame when the cam ring is rotated, the linearlymovable frame supporting at least one optical element of the opticalsystem. The plurality of cam groove groups are located at differentpositions in a circumferential direction of the cam ring, and whereineach cam groove group includes at least two cam grooves located atdifferent positions in at least the optical axis direction andrespectively trace substantially a same reference cam diagram. At leastone of the two cam grooves of one the cam groove group can intersectwith another of the two cam grooves of another the cam groove group, theanother the cam groove adjacent to the at least one the cam groove inthe circumferential direction. The plurality of cam follower groups canbe located at different positions in a circumferential direction of thelinearly movable frame, and wherein each cam follower group includes atleast two complementing cam followers located at different positions inthe optical axis direction and are engageable with the at least two camgrooves of each cam groove group, respectively. In each cam groovegroup, at least one of the at least two complementing cam followers ofeach cam follower group remains engaged in a corresponding one of the atleast two cam grooves when another cam follower of the at least twocomplementing cam followers passes through an intersection area of theintersecting cam grooves during a rotation of the cam ring.

It is desirable for the intersecting cam grooves to be located atdifferent positions in the optical axis direction.

In each cam groove group, it is desirable for each cam groove to be apartial cam groove having at least one end opening at at least one ofopposite ends of the cam ring, so as not to include an entire portion ofthe reference cam diagram. In each cam groove group, it is desirable forat least one cam follower of the at least two complementing camfollowers to remain engaged in a corresponding one of the at least twocam grooves, while another of the at least two complementing camfollowers comes out of the end opening of corresponding another camgroove of the at least two cam grooves.

The reference cam diagram can include a zooming range and is configuredto perform a zooming operation. In each cam groove group, theintersection of the intersecting cam grooves is desirably outside thezooming range.

Each of the plurality of cam groove groups can include a first camgroove and a second cam groove, and each of the plurality of camfollower groups can include a first cam follower and a second camfollower which are engaged in the first cam groove and the second camgroove, respectively.

Both the first cam groove and the second cam groove of each cam groovegroup can include the intersection.

The first cam groove of each cam groove group can intersect the secondcam groove of another cam groove group.

The optical system can include a plurality of movable lens groupsmovable in the optical axis direction while changing a distancetherebetween by a rotation of the cam ring, the linearly movable framesupporting at least one of the plurality of movable lens groups.

The optical system can be a photographing lens system.

The present disclosure relates to subject matter contained in JapanesePatent Application No.2002-247339 (filed on Aug. 27, 2002) which isexpressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be described below in detail with referenceto the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of a zoom lensaccording to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of a structure supporting a firstlens group of the zoom lens;

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a structure supporting asecond lens group of the zoom lens;

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a lens barreladvancing-retracting structure of the zoom lens for advancing andretracting a third external barrel from a stationary barrel;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view, partly exploded, of the zoom lens, showinga fixing procedure of a viewfinder unit to the zoom lens and a fixingprocedure of a gear train to the zoom lens;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a zoom lens assembly made from theelements shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a side elevational view of the zoom lens assembly shown inFIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the zoom lens assembly shown in FIG. 6,viewed obliquely from behind;

FIG. 9 is an axial cross sectional view of an embodiment of a digitalcamera incorporating the zoom lens assembly shown in FIGS. 6 through 8,wherein an upper half above a photographing optical axis and a lowerhalf below the photographing optical axis show a state of the zoom lensat telephoto extremity and a state of the zoom lens at wide-angleextremity, respectively;

FIG. 10 is an axial cross sectional view of the digital camera shown inFIG. 9 in the retracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 11 is a developed view of the stationary barrel shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 12 is a developed view of a helicoid ring shown in FIG. 4;

FIG. 13 is a developed view of the helicoid ring shown in FIG. 1,showing a structure of the inner peripheral surface thereof by brokenlines;

FIG. 14 is a developed view of the third external barrel shown in FIG.1;

FIG. 15 is a developed view of a first linear guide ring shown in FIG.1;

FIG. 16 is a developed view of a cam ring shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 17 is a developed view of the cam ring shown in FIG. 1, showing astructure of the inner peripheral surface thereof by broken lines;

FIG. 18 is a developed view of a second linear guide ring shown in FIG.1;

FIG. 19 is a developed view of a second lens group moving frame shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 20 is a developed view of a second external barrel shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 21 is a developed view of a first external barrel shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 22 is a conceptual diagram of elements of the zoom lens, showingthe relationship among these elements in relation to the operationsthereof;

FIG. 23 is a developed view of the helicoid ring, the third externalbarrel and the stationary barrel, showing the positional relationshipthereamong in the retracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 24 is a developed view of the helicoid ring, the third externalbarrel and the stationary barrel, showing the positional relationshipthereamong at the wide-angle extremity the zoom lens;

FIG. 25 is a developed view of the helicoid ring, the third externalbarrel and the stationary barrel, showing the positional relationshipamong thereamong at the telephoto extremity the zoom lens;

FIG. 26 is a developed view of the helicoid ring, the third externalbarrel and the stationary barrel, showing a positional relationshipthereof;

FIG. 27 is a developed view of the stationary barrel, showing thepositions of a set of rotational sliding projections of the helicoidring with respect to the stationary barrel in the retracted state of thezoom lens;

FIG. 28 is a view similar to that of FIG. 27, showing the positions ofthe set of rotational sliding projections of the helicoid ring withrespect to the stationary barrel at the wide-angle extremity of the zoomlens;

FIG. 29 is a view similar to that of FIG. 27, showing the positions ofthe set of rotational sliding projections of the helicoid ring withrespect to the stationary barrel at the telephoto extremity of the zoomlens;

FIG. 30 is a view similar to that of FIG. 27, showing the positions ofthe set of rotational sliding projections of the helicoid ring withrespect to the stationary barrel;

FIG. 31 is a cross sectional view taken along M2—M2 line shown in FIG.27;

FIG. 32 is a cross sectional view taken along M1—M1 line shown in FIG.23;

FIG. 33 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a portion of the upperhalf of the zoom lens shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 34 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a portion of the lowerhalf of the zoom lens shown in FIG. 9;

FIG. 35 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a portion of the upperhalf of the zoom lens shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 36 is an enlarged cross sectional view of a portion of the lowerhalf of the zoom lens shown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 37 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the connectingportion between the third external barrel and the helicoid ring;

FIG. 38 is a view similar to that of FIG. 37, showing a state where astop member has been removed;

FIG. 39 is a view similar to that of FIG. 38, showing a state where thethird external barrel and the helicoid ring have been disengaged fromeach other in the optical axis direction from the state shown in FIG.38;

FIG. 40 is a perspective view of a portion of the stationary barrel, thestop member and a set screw therefor, showing a state where the stopmember and the set screw have been removed from the stationary barrel;

FIG. 41 is a perspective view similar to that shown in FIG. 40, showinga state where the stop member is properly fixed the stationary barrelvia the set screw;

FIG. 42 is an enlarged developed view of a portion of helicoid ring inrelation to a corresponding portion of the stationary barrel;

FIG. 43 is a view similar to that of FIG. 42, showing the positionalrelationship between the specific rotational sliding projection of thehelicoid ring and the circumferential groove of the stationary barrel;

FIG. 44 is a developed view of the third external barrel and the firstlinear guide ring in relation to a set of roller followers fixed to thecam ring, showing the positional relationship between the helicoid ringand the stationary barrel in the retracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 45 is a view similar to that of FIG. 44, showing the positionalrelationship between the helicoid ring and the stationary barrel at thewide-angle extremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 46 is a view similar to that of FIG. 44, showing the positionalrelationship between the helicoid ring and the stationary barrel at thetelephoto extremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 47 is a view similar to that of FIG. 44, showing the positionalrelationship between the helicoid ring and the stationary barrel;

FIG. 48 is a developed view of the helicoid ring and the first linearguide ring, showing the positional relationship therebetween in theretracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 49 is a view similar to that of FIG. 48, showing the positionalrelationship between the helicoid ring and the first linear guide ringat the wide-angle extremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 50 is a view similar to that of FIG. 48, showing the positionalrelationship between the helicoid ring and the first linear guide ringat the telephoto extremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 51 is a view similar to that of FIG. 48, showing the positionalrelationship between the helicoid ring and the first linear guide ring;

FIG. 52 is a developed view of the cam ring, the first external barrel,the second external barrel and the second linear guide ring, showing thepositional relationship thereamong in the retracted state of the zoomlens;

FIG. 53 is a view similar to that of FIG. 52, showing the positionalrelationship among the cam ring, the first external barrel, the secondexternal barrel and the second linear guide ring at the wide-angleextremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 54 is a view similar to that of FIG. 52, showing the positionalrelationship among the cam ring, the first external barrel, the secondexternal barrel and the second linear guide ring at the telephotoextremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 55 is a view similar to that of FIG. 52, showing the positionalrelationship among the cam ring, the first external barrel, the secondexternal barrel and the second linear guide ring;

FIG. 56 is an exploded perspective view of elements of the zoom lens,showing a state where the third external barrel has been removed fromthe first linear guide ring;

FIG. 57 is an exploded perspective view of elements of the zoom lens,showing a state where the second external barrel and a follower-biasingring spring have been removed from the block of the zoom lens shown inFIG. 56;

FIG. 58 is an exploded perspective view of elements of the zoom lens,showing a state where the first external barrel has been removed fromthe block of the zoom lens shown in FIG. 57;

FIG. 59 is an exploded perspective view of elements of the zoom lens,showing a state where the second linear guide ring has been removed fromthe block of the zoom lens shown in FIG. 58 while the set of rollerfollowers have been removed from the cam ring included in the block;

FIG. 60 is a developed view of the helicoid ring, the third externalbarrel, the first linear guide ring and the follower-biasing ring springin relation to the set of roller followers fixed to the cam ring,showing the positional relationship thereamong in the retracted state ofthe zoom lens;

FIG. 61 is a view similar to that of FIG. 60, showing the positionalrelationship among the helicoid ring, the third external barrel and thefirst linear guide ring at the wide-angle extremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 62 is a view similar to that of FIG. 60, showing the positionalrelationship among the helicoid ring, the third external barrel and thefirst linear guide ring at the telephoto extremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 63 is a view similar to that of FIG. 60, showing the positionalrelationship among the helicoid ring, the third external barrel and thefirst linear guide ring;

FIG. 64 is an enlarged developed view of portions of the third externalbarrel and the helicoid ring in relation to the set of roller followersfixed to the cam ring, viewed from radially inside the third externalbarrel and the helicoid ring;

FIG. 65 is a view similar to that of FIG. 64, showing a state where thehelicoid ring is rotated in a lens barrel advancing direction thereof;

FIG. 66 is an enlarged developed view of portions of the third externalbarrel and the helicoid ring shown in FIG. 64;

FIG. 67 is an enlarged developed view of portions of a front rind and arear ring of a comparative example which are to be compared with thethird external barrel and the helicoid ring shown in FIGS. 64 through66;

FIG. 68 is a view similar to that of FIG. 67, showing a state where therear ring has slightly rotated with respect to the front ring from thestate shown in FIG. 67;

FIG. 69 is a magnified view of a part of the drawing shown in FIG. 60(FIG. 44);

FIG. 70 is a magnified view of a part of the drawing shown in FIG. 61(FIG. 45);

FIG. 71 is a magnified view of a part of the drawing shown in FIG. 62(FIG. 46);

FIG. 72 is a magnified view of a part of the drawing shown in FIG. 63(FIG. 47);

FIG. 73 is an axial cross sectional view of an upper half of elements ofa linear guide structure of the zoom lens shown in FIGS. 5 and 10,showing the linear guide structure at the wide-angle extremity of thezoom lens;

FIG. 74 is a view similar to that of FIG. 73, showing the linear guidestructure at the wide-angle extremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 75 is a view similar to that of FIG. 74, showing the linear guidestructure in the retracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 76 is a perspective view of a subassembly of the zoom lens shown inFIGS. 5 through 10 which includes the first external barrel, theexternal barrel, the second linear guide ring, the cam ring and otherelements, showing the positional relationship between the first externalbarrel and the second linear guide ring that are positioned radiallyinside and outside the cam ring, respectively;

FIG. 77 is a perspective view of a subassembly of the zoom lens shown inFIGS. 5 through 10 which includes all the elements shown in FIG. 77 andthe first linear guide ring, showing a state where the first externalbarrel has been extended forward to its assembling/disassemblingposition;

FIG. 78 is a perspective view of the subassembly shown in FIG. 77,viewed obliquely from behind the subassembly;

FIG. 79 is a developed view of the cam ring, the second lens groupmoving frame and the second linear guide ring, showing the positionalrelationship thereamong in the retracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 80 is a view similar to that of FIG. 79, showing the positionalrelationship among the cam ring, the second lens group moving frame andthe second linear guide ring at the wide-angle extremity of the zoomlens;

FIG. 81 is a view similar to that of FIG. 79, showing the positionalrelationship among the cam ring, the second lens group moving frame andthe second linear guide ring at the telephoto extremity of the zoomlens;

FIG. 82 is a view similar to that of FIG. 79, showing a positionalrelationship among the cam ring, the second lens group moving frame andthe second linear guide ring;

FIG. 83 is developed view of the cam ring, showing a state where a setof front cam followers of the second lens group moving frame passthrough the points of intersection between a set of front inner camgrooves and a set of rear inner cam grooves of the cam ring;

FIG. 84 is a perspective view of a portion of the zoom lens shown inFIGS. 5 through 10 which includes the second lens group moving frame,the second linear guide ring, a shutter unit and other elements, viewedobliquely from the front thereof;

FIG. 85 is a perspective view of the portion of the zoom lens in FIG.84, viewed obliquely from behind;

FIG. 86 is a view similar to that of FIG. 84, showing the positionalrelationship between the second lens group moving frame and the secondlinear guide ring when the second lens group moving frame is positionedat its front limit for the axial movement thereof with respect to thesecond linear guide ring;

FIG. 87 is a perspective view of the portion of the zoom lens in FIG.86, viewed obliquely from behind;

FIG. 88 is a front elevational view of the second linear guide ring;

FIG. 89 is a rear elevational view of the second lens group movingframe, the second linear guide ring and other elements in an assembledstate thereof;

FIG. 90 is a developed view of the first external barrel and the camring in relation to a set of cam followers of the first external barrel,showing the positional relationship between the first external barreland the cam ring in the retracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 91 is a view similar to that of FIG. 90, showing a state where eachcam follower of the first external barrel is positioned at the insertionend of the inclined lead section of the associated outer cam groove of aset of outer cam grooves of the cam ring by a rotation of the cam ringin a lens barrel advancing direction thereof;

FIG. 92 is a view similar to that of FIG. 90, showing the positionalrelationship between the first external barrel and the cam ring at thewide-angle extremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 93 is a view similar to that of FIG. 90, showing the positionalrelationship between the first external barrel and the cam ring at thetelephoto extremity of the zoom lens;

FIG. 94 is a view similar to that of FIG. 90, showing a positionalrelationship between the first external barrel and the cam ring;

FIG. 95 is a magnified view of a part of the drawing shown in FIG. 90;

FIG. 96 is a magnified view of a part of the drawing shown in FIG. 91;

FIG. 97 is view similar to those of FIGS. 95 and 96, showing a statewhere each cam follower of the first external barrel are positioned inthe inclined lead section of the associated outer cam groove of the camring;

FIG. 98 is a magnified view of a part of the drawing shown in FIG. 92;

FIG. 99 is a magnified view of a part of the drawing shown in FIG. 93;

FIG. 100 is a magnified view of a part of the drawing shown in FIG. 94;

FIG. 101 is a view similar to that of FIG. 95, showing anotherembodiment of the structure of the set of outer cam grooves of the camring, showing the positional relationship between the first externalbarrel and the cam ring in the retracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 102 is an exploded perspective view of a structure of the zoom lensfor supporting a second lens frame which holds the second lens group,for retracting the second lens frame to a radially retracted positionthereof, and for adjusting the position of the second lens frame;

FIG. 103 is a perspective view of the structure for the second lensframe shown in FIG. 102 in an assembled state and a position-control cambar of a CCD holder, viewed obliquely from the front;

FIG. 104 is a perspective view of the structure for the second lensframe and the position-control cam bar shown in FIG. 103, viewedobliquely from behind;

FIG. 105 is a view similar to that of FIG. 104, showing a state wherethe position-control cam bar is in the process of entering the cam-barinsertable hole of a rear second lens frame support plate fixed to thesecond lens group moving frame;

FIG. 106 is a front elevational view of the second lens group movingframe;

FIG. 107 is a perspective view of the second lens group moving frame;

FIG. 108 is a perspective view of the second lens group moving frame andthe shutter unit fixed thereto, viewed obliquely from front;

FIG. 109 is a perspective view of the second lens group moving frame andthe shutter unit shown in FIG. 108, viewed obliquely from behind;

FIG. 110 is a front elevational view of the second lens group movingframe and the shutter unit shown in FIG. 108;

FIG. 111 is a rear elevational view of the second lens group movingframe and the shutter unit shown in FIG. 108;

FIG. 112 is a view similar to that of FIG. 111, showing a state wherethe second lens frame has retracted to the radially retracted position;

FIG. 113 is a cross sectional view taken along M3—M3 line shown in FIG.110;

FIG. 114 is a front elevational view of the structure for the secondlens frame shown in FIGS. 105 and 108 through 112, showing a state wherethe second lens frame is held at a photographing position thereof asshown in FIG. 110;

FIG. 115 is a front elevational view of a portion of the structure forthe second lens frame shown in FIG. 114;

FIG. 116 is a view similar to that of FIG. 115 in a different state;

FIG. 117 is a front elevational view of a portion of the structure forthe second lens frame shown in FIGS. 105 and 108 through 116;

FIG. 118 is a front elevational view of a portion of the structure forthe second lens frame shown in FIGS. 105 and 108 through 116, showingthe positional relationship between the second lens frame and theposition-control cam bar of the CCD holder when the second lens frame isheld in a photographing position thereof as shown in FIGS. 109 and 111;

FIG. 119 is a view similar to that of FIG. 118, showing a positionalrelationship between the second lens frame and the position-control cambar of the CCD holder;

FIG. 120 is a view similar to that of 118, showing the positionalrelationship between the second lens frame and the position-control cambar of the CCD holder when the second lens frame is held in the radiallyretracted position as shown in FIG. 112;

FIG. 121 is a perspective view of an AF lens frame and the CCD holdershown in FIGS. 1 and 4, showing a state where the AF lens frame is fullyretracted to contact with and the CCD holder, viewed obliquely fromlower front of the CCD holder;

FIG. 122 is a front elevational view of the CCD holder, the AF lensframe and the second lens group moving frame;

FIG. 123 is a perspective view of the CCD holder, the AF lens frame, thesecond lens group moving frame, the second lens frame and otherelements;

FIG. 124 is a view similar to that of FIG. 123, showing a state wherethe second lens frame has fully moved rearward and fully rotated to theradially retracted position;

FIG. 125 is an axial cross sectional view of a portion of the upper halfof the zoom lens shown in FIG. 9, showing a structure wiring a flexiblePWB for exposure control in the zoom lens;

FIG. 126 is a perspective view of the second lens frame, the flexiblePWB and other elements, showing a manner of supporting the flexible PWBby the second lens frame;

FIG. 127 is a perspective view of the second lens frame and the AF lensframe, showing a state where the second lens frame has retracted closelyto the AF lens frame;

FIG. 128 is a side elevational view of the second lens frame and the AFlens frame, showing a state immediately before the second lens framecomes into contact with the AF lens frame;

FIG. 129 is a view similar to that of FIG. 128, showing a state wherethe second lens frame is in contact with the AF lens frame;

FIG. 130 is a front elevational view of the second lens frame and the AFlens frame, showing a positional relationship therebetween;

FIG. 131 is a perspective view of the first external barrel thatsurrounds the second lens group moving frame, and the first lens framefor the first lens group that is held by the first external barrel;

FIG. 132 is a front elevational view of the first external barrel andthe first lens frame;

FIG. 133 is a perspective view of the first lens frame, the second lensgroup moving frame, the AF lens frame and the shutter unit, viewedobliquely from front, showing the positional relationship thereamong ata ready-to-photograph state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 134 is a perspective view of the first lens frame, the second lensgroup moving frame, the AF lens frame and the shutter unit which areshown in FIG. 133, viewed obliquely from rear thereof;

FIG. 135 is a view similar to that of FIG. 133, showing the positionalrelationship among the first lens frame, the second lens group movingframe, the AF lens frame and the shutter unit, showing the positionalrelationship thereamong in the retracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 136 is a perspective view of the first lens frame, the second lensgroup moving frame, the AF lens frame and the shutter unit which areshown in FIG. 135, viewed obliquely from rear thereof;

FIG. 137 is a rear elevational view of the first lens frame, the secondlens group moving frame, the AF lens frame and the shutter unit whichare shown in FIG. 135;

FIG. 138 is a perspective view, of the first lens frame, the firstexternal barrel, the second lens group moving frame, the AF lens frameand the shutter unit in the retracted state of the zoom lens, showingthe positional relationship thereamong in the retracted state of thezoom lens;

FIG. 139 is a front elevational view of the first lens frame, the firstexternal barrel, the second lens group moving frame, the AF lens frameand the shutter unit which are shown in FIG. 138;

FIG. 140 is an exploded perspective view of the shutter unit of the zoomlens;

FIG. 141 is a longitudinal cross sectional view of a portion of the zoomlens in the vicinity of the first lens group in the upper half of thezoom lens shown in FIG. 9, in which the zoom lens is in aready-to-photograph state;

FIG. 142 is a view similar to that of FIG. 141 and shows the sameportion in the upper half of the zoom lens shown in FIG. 10, in whichthe zoom lens is in the retracted state;

FIG. 143 is an exploded perspective view of the viewfinder unit shown inFIGS. 5 through 8;

FIG. 144 is a developed view, similar to that of FIG. 23, of thehelicoid ring and the third external barrel in relation to a zoom gearand a viewfinder drive gear, showing the positional relationshipthereamong in the retracted state of the zoom lens;

FIG. 145 is a developed view, similar to that of FIG. 24, of thehelicoid ring and the stationary barrel in relation to the zoom gear andthe viewfinder drive gear, showing the positional relationshipthereamong at the wide-angle extremity the zoom lens;

FIG. 146 is a perspective view of a power transmission system of thezoom lens for imparting rotation of a zoom motor from the helicoid ringto movable lenses of a viewfinder optical system incorporated in theviewfinder unit;

FIG. 147 is a front elevational view of the power transmission systemshown in FIG. 148;

FIG. 148 is a side elevational view of the power transmission systemshown in FIG. 148;

FIG. 149 is an enlarged developed view of the helicoid ring and theviewfinder drive gear, showing a positional relationship therebetween inthe middle of rotation of the helicoid ring in the lens barrel advancingdirection from the retracted position shown in FIG. 144 to thewide-angle extremity shown in FIG. 145.

FIG. 150 is a view similar to that of FIG. 149, showing a statesubsequent to the state shown in FIG. 149;

FIG. 151 is a view similar to that of FIG. 149, showing a statesubsequent to the state shown in FIG. 150;

FIG. 152 is a view similar to that of FIG. 149, showing a statesubsequent to the state shown in FIG. 151;

FIG. 153 is a front elevational view of the helicoid ring and theviewfinder drive gear which are shown in FIG. 150;

FIG. 154 is a front elevational view of the helicoid ring and theviewfinder drive gear which are shown in FIG. 151;

FIG. 155 is a front elevational view of the helicoid ring and theviewfinder drive gear which are shown in FIG. 152;

FIG. 156 is a developed view of a cam-incorporated gear of theviewfinder unit;

FIG. 157 is a developed view, similar to that of FIG. 156, of acomparative example of a cam-incorporated gear incorporating an idlerunning section which is to be compared with the cam-incorporated gearshown in FIG. 156; and

FIG. 158 is a developed view of the cam ring, the second lens groupmoving frame and the second linear guide ring, showing an alternativeembodiment of the structure of the set of inner cam grooves formed onthe cam ring.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

In some of the drawings, lines of different thicknesses and/or differenttypes of lines are used as the outlines of different elements for thepurpose of illustration. Additionally, in some cross sectional drawings,several elements are shown on a common plane, though positioned indifferent circumferential positions, for the purpose of illustration.

In FIG. 22, the symbols “(S)”, “(L)”, “(R)” and “(RL)” which are eachappended as a suffix to the reference numeral of some elements of apresent embodiment of a zoom lens (zoom lens barrel) 71 (see FIGS. 5through 10) indicate that the element is stationary, the element issolely movable linearly along a lens barrel axis Z0 (see FIGS. 9 and 10)without rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0, the element is rotatableabout the lens barrel axis Z0 without moving along the lens barrel axisZ0, and the element is solely movable along the lens barrel axis Z0while rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0, respectively.Additionally, in FIG. 22, the symbol “(R, RL)” which is appended as asuffix to the reference numeral of some elements of the zoom lens 71indicates that the element rotates about the lens barrel axis Z0 withoutmoving along the lens barrel axis Z0 during a zooming operation and thatthe element moves along the lens barrel axis Z0 while rotating about thelens barrel axis Z0 during the time the zoom lens 71 advances from orretracts into a camera body 72 upon power being turned ON or OFF, whilethe symbol “(S, L)” which is appended as a suffix to the referencenumeral of some elements of the zoom lens 71 indicates that the elementis stationary when the zoom lens 71 in a zooming range in which azooming operation is possible and that the element moves linearly alongthe lens barrel axis Z0 without rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0during the time the zoom lens 71 advances from or retracts into thecamera body 72 upon power being turned ON or OFF.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the present embodiment of the zoom lens 71incorporated in a digital camera 70 is provided with a photographingoptical system consisting of a first lens group LG1, a shutter S, anadjustable diaphragm A, a second lens group LG2, a third lens group LG3,a low-pass filter (optical filter) LG4, and a CCD image sensor(solid-state image pick-up device) 60. “Z1” shown in FIGS. 9 and 10designates the optical axis of the photographing optical system. Thephotographing optical axis Z1 is parallel to a common rotational axis(the lens barrel axis Z0) of external barrels which form an outwardappearance of the zoom lens 71. Moreover, the photographing optical axisZ1 is positioned below the lens barrel axis Z0. The first lens group LG1and the second lens group LG2 are driven along the photographing opticalaxis Z1 in a predetermined moving manner to perform a zooming operation,while the third lens group L3 is driven along the photographing opticalaxis Z1 to perform a focusing operation. In the following descriptions,the term “optical axis direction” means a direction parallel to thephotographing optical axis Z1 unless there is a different explanatorynote on the expression.

As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the camera 70 is provided in the camera body72 thereof with a stationary barrel 22 fixed to the camera body 72, anda CCD holder 21 fixed to a rear portion of the stationary barrel 22. TheCCD image sensor 60 is mounted to the CCD holder 21 to be held therebyvia a CCD base plate 62. The low-pass filter LG4 is held by the CCDholder 21 to be positioned in front of the CCD 60 via a filter holderportion 21 b and an annular sealing member 61. The filter holder portion21 b is a portion formed integrally with the CCD holder 21. The camera70 is provided behind the CCD holder 21 with an LCD panel 20 whichindicates a live image so that the user can see how the image about tobe taken looks before photographing, captured images so that the usercan review pictures which he or she has already taken, and also variousphotographing information.

The zoom lens 71 is provided in the stationary barrel 22 with an AF lensframe (a third lens frame which supports and holds the third lens groupLG3) 51 which is guided linearly in the optical axis direction withoutrotating about the photographing optical axis Z1. Specifically, the zoomlens 71 is provided with a pair of AF guide shafts 52 and 53 whichextend parallel to the photographing optical axis Z1 to guide the AFlens frame 51 in the optical axis direction without rotating the AF lensframe 51 about the photographing optical axis Z1. Front and rear ends ofeach guide shaft of the pair of AF guide shafts 52 and 53 are fixed tothe stationary barrel 22 and the CCD holder 21, respectively. The AFlens frame 51 is provided on radially opposite sides thereof with a pairof guide holes 51 a and 51 b in which the pair of AF guide shafts 52 and53 are respectively fitted so that the AF lens frame 51 is slidable onthe pair of AF guide shafts 52 and 53. In this particular embodiment,the amount of clearance between the AF guide shaft 53 and the guide hole51 b is greater than that between the AF guide shaft 52 and the guidehole 51 a. Namely, the AF guide shaft 52 serves as a main guide shaftfor achieving a great positioning accuracy, while the AF guide shaft 53serves as an auxiliary guide shaft. The camera 70 is provided with an AFmotor 160 (see FIG. 1) having a rotary drive shaft which is threaded toserve as a feed screw shaft, and this rotary drive shaft is screwedthrough a screw hole formed on an AF nut 54 (see FIG. 1). The AF nut 54is provided with a rotation-preventing protrusion 54 a. The AF lensframe 51 is provided with a guide groove 51 m (see FIG. 127), extendingin a direction parallel to the optical axis Z1, in which therotation-preventing protrusion 54 a is slidably fitted. Furthermore, theAF lens frame 51 is provided with a stopper protrusion 51 n (see FIG.127) which is positioned behind the AF nut 54. The AF lens frame 51 isbiased forward in the optical axis direction by an extension coil spring55 serving as a biasing member, and the forward movement limit of the AFlens frame 51 is determined via engagement between the stopperprotrusion 51 n and the AF nut 54. The AF lens frame 51 can be movedrearward against the biasing force of the extension coil spring 55 whena rearward force is applied by the AF nut 54. Due to this structure,rotating the rotary drive shaft of AF motor 160 forward and rearwardcauses the AF lens frame 51 to move forward and rearward in the opticalaxis direction. In addition, the AF lens frame 51 can be moved rearwardagainst the biasing force of the extension coil spring 55 when arearward force is directly applied to the AF lens frame 51.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the camera 70 is provided above thestationary barrel 22 with a zoom motor 150 and a reduction gear trainbox 74 which are mounted on the stationary barrel 22. The reduction geartrain box 74 contains a reduction gear train for transferring rotationof the zoom motor 150 to a zoom gear 28 (see FIG. 4). The zoom gear 28is rotatably fitted on a zoom gear shaft 29 extending parallel to thephotographing optical axis Z1. Front and rear ends of the zoom gearshaft 29 are fixed to the stationary barrel 22 and the CCD holder 21,respectively. Rotations of the zoom motor 150 and the AF motor 160 arecontrolled by a control circuit 140 (see FIG. 22) via a flexible PWB(printed wiring board) 75 which is partly positioned on an outerperipheral surface of the stationary barrel 22. The control circuit 140comprehensively controls the overall operation of the camera 70.

As shown in FIG. 4, the stationary barrel 22 is provided on an innerperipheral surface thereof with a female helicoid 22 a, a set of threelinear guide grooves 22 b, a set of three inclined grooves 22 c, and aset of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d. Threads of the femalehelicoid 22 a extend in a direction inclined with respect to both theoptical axis direction and a circumferential direction of the stationarybarrel 22. The set of three linear guide grooves 22 b extend parallel tothe photographing optical axis Z1. The set of three inclined grooves 22c extend parallel to the female helicoid 22 a. The set of threerotational sliding grooves 22 d are formed in the vicinity of a frontend of the inner peripheral surface of the stationary barrel 22 toextend along a circumference of the stationary barrel 22 to communicatethe front ends of the set of three inclined grooves 22 c, respectively.The female helicoid 22 a is not formed on that specific front area(non-helicoid area 22 z) of the inner peripheral surface of thestationary barrel 22 which is positioned immediately behind the set ofthree rotational sliding grooves 22 d (see FIGS. 11, 23 through 26).

The zoom lens 71 is provided in the stationary barrel 22 with a helicoidring 18. The helicoid ring 18 is provided on an outer peripheral surfacethereof with a male helicoid 18 a and a set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b. The male helicoid 18 a is engaged with the femalehelicoid 22 a, and the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 bare engaged in the set of three inclined grooves 22 c or the set ofthree rotational sliding grooves 22 d, respectively (see FIGS. 4 and12). The helicoid ring 18 is provided on threads of the male helicoid 18a with an annular gear 18 c which is in mesh with the zoom gear 28.Therefore, when a rotation of the zoom gear 28 is transferred to theannular gear 18 c, the helicoid ring 18 moves forward or rearward in theoptical axis direction while rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0within a predetermined range in which the male helicoid 18 a remains inmesh with the female helicoid 22 a. A forward movement of the helicoidring 18 beyond a predetermined point with respect to the stationarybarrel 22 causes the male helicoid 18 a to be disengaged from the femalehelicoid 22 a so that the helicoid ring 18 rotates about the lens barrelaxis Z0 without moving in the optical axis direction relative to thestationary barrel 22 by engagement of the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b with the set of three rotational slidinggrooves 22 d.

The set of three inclined grooves 22 c are formed on the stationarybarrel 22 to prevent the set of three rotational sliding projections 18b and the stationary barrel 22 from interfering with each other when thefemale helicoid 22 a and the male helicoid 18 a are engaged with eachother. To this end, each inclined groove 22 c is formed on an innerperipheral surface of the stationary barrel 22 to be positioned radiallyoutwards (upwards as viewed in FIG. 31) from the bottom of the femalehelicoid 22 a as shown in FIG. 31. A circumferential space between twoadjacent threads of the female helicoid 22 a between which one of thethree inclined grooves 22 c is positioned is greater than that betweenanother two adjacent threads of the female helicoid 22 a between whichnone of the three inclined grooves 22 c is positioned. The male helicoid18 a includes three wide threads 18 a-W and twelve narrow threads. Thethree wide threads 18 a-W are positioned behind the three rotationalsliding projections 18 b in the optical axis direction, respectively(see FIG. 12). The circumferential width of each of the three widethreads 18 a-W is greater than that of each of the twelve narrow threadsso that each of the three wide threads 18 a-W can be positioned in theassociated two adjacent threads of the female helicoid 22 a betweenwhich one of the three inclined grooves 22 c is positioned (see FIGS. 11and 12).

The stationary barrel 22 is provided with a stop-member insertion hole22 e which radially penetrates through the stationary barrel 22. A stopmember 26 having a stop projection 26 b is fixed to the stationarybarrel 22 by a set screw 67 so that the stop projection 26 b can beinserted into and removed from the stop-member insertion hole 22 e (seeFIGS. 40 and 41).

As will be appreciated from FIGS. 9 and 10, the zoom lens 71 of thecamera 70 is of a telescoping type having three external telescopingbarrels: a first external barrel 12, a second external barrel 13 and athird external barrel 15 which are concentrically arranged about thelens barrel axis Z0. The helicoid ring 18 is provided, on an innerperipheral surface thereof at three different circumferential positionson the helicoid ring 18, with three rotation transfer recesses 18 d (seeFIGS. 4 and 13) front ends of which are open at the front end of thehelicoid ring 18, while the third external barrel 15 is provided, atcorresponding three different circumferential positions on the thirdexternal barrel 15, with three pairs of rotation transfer projections 15a (see FIGS. 4 and 14) which project rearward from the rear end of thethird external barrel 15 to be inserted into the three rotation transferrecesses 18 d from the front thereof, respectively. The three pairs ofrotation transfer projections 15 a and the three rotation transferrecesses 18 d are movable relative to each other in a direction of thelens barrel axis Z0, and are not rotatable relative to each other aboutthe lens barrel axis Z0. Namely, the helicoid ring 18 and the thirdexternal barrel 15 rotate in one piece. Strictly speaking, the threepairs of rotation transfer projections 15 a and the three rotationtransfer recesses 18 d are slightly rotatable relative to each otherabout the lens barrel axis Z0 by the amount of clearance between thethree pairs of rotation transfer projections 15 a and the three rotationtransfer recesses 18 d, respectively. This structure will be discussedin detail later.

The helicoid ring 18 is provided, on front faces of the three rotationalsliding projections 18 b at three different circumferential positions onthe helicoid ring 18, with a set of three engaging recesses 18 e whichare formed on an inner peripheral surface of the helicoid ring 18 to beopen at the front end of the helicoid ring 18. The third external barrel15 is provided, at corresponding three different circumferentialpositions on the third external barrel 15, with a set of three engagingprojections 15 b which project rearward from the rear end of the thirdexternal barrel 15, and also project radially outwards, to be engaged inthe set of three engaging recesses 18 e from the front thereof,respectively. The set of three engaging projections 15 b, which arerespectively engaged in the set of three engaging recesses 18 e, arealso engaged in the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d at atime, respectively, when the set of three rotational sliding projections18 b are engaged in the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d(see FIG. 33).

The zoom lens 71 is provided between the third external barrel 15 andthe helicoid ring 18 with three compression coil springs 25 which biasthe third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 in oppositedirections away from each other in the optical axis direction. The rearends of the three compression coil springs 25 are respectively insertedinto three spring support holes (non-through hole) 18 f which are formedon the front end of the helicoid ring 18, while the front ends of thethree compression coil springs 25 are respectively in pressing contactwith three engaging recesses 15 c formed at the rear end of the thirdexternal barrel 15. Therefore, the set of three engaging projections 15b of the third external barrel 15 are respectively pressed against frontguide surfaces 22 d-A (see FIGS. 28 through 30) of the rotationalsliding grooves 22 d by the spring force of the three compression coilsprings 25. At the same time, the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b of the helicoid ring 18 are respectively pressedagainst rear guide surfaces 22 d-B (see FIGS. 28 through 30) of therotational sliding grooves 22 d by the spring force of the threecompression coil springs 25.

The third external barrel 15 is provided on an inner peripheral surfacethereof with a plurality of relative rotation guide projections 15 dwhich are formed at different circumferential positions on the thirdexternal barrel 15, a circumferential groove 15 e which extends in acircumferential direction about the lens barrel axis Z0, and a set ofthree rotation transfer grooves 15 f which extend parallel to the lensbarrel axis Z0 (see FIGS. 4 and 14). The plurality of relative rotationguide projections 15 d are elongated in a circumferential direction ofthe third external barrel to lie in a plane orthogonal to the lensbarrel axis Z0. As can be seen in FIG. 14, each rotation transfer groove15 f intersects the circumferential groove 15 e at right angles. Thecircumferential positions of the three rotation transfer grooves 15 fare formed to correspond to those of the three pairs of rotationtransfer projections 15 a, respectively. The rear end of each rotationtransfer groove 15 f is open at the rear end of the third externalbarrel 15. The helicoid ring 18 is provided on an inner peripheralsurface thereof with a circumferential groove 18 g which extends in acircumferential direction about the lens barrel axis Z0 (see FIGS. 4 and13). The zoom lens 71 is provided inside the third external barrel 15and the helicoid ring 18 with a first linear guide ring 14. The firstlinear guide ring 14 is provided on an outer peripheral surface thereofwith a set of three linear guide projections 14 a, a first plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 14 b, a second plurality of relativerotation guide projections 14 c, and a circumferential groove 14 d inthis order from rear to front of the first linear guide ring 14 in theoptical axis direction (see FIGS. 4 and 15). The set of three linearguide projections 14 a project radially outwards in the vicinity of therear end of the first linear guide ring 14. The first plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 14 b project radially outwards atdifferent circumferential positions on the first linear guide ring 14,and are each elongated in a circumferential direction of the firstlinear guide ring 14 to lie in a plane orthogonal to the lens barrelaxis Z0. Likewise, the second plurality of relative rotation guideprojections 14 c project at different circumferential positions on thefirst linear guide ring 14, and are each elongated in a circumferentialdirection of the first linear guide ring 14 to lie in a plane orthogonalto the lens barrel axis Z0. The circumferential groove 14 d is anannular groove with its center on the lens barrel axis Z0. The firstlinear guide ring 14 is guided in the optical axis direction withrespect to the stationary barrel 22 by engagement of the set of threelinear guide projections 14 a with the set of three linear guide grooves22 b, respectively. The third external barrel 15 is coupled to the firstlinear guide ring 14 to be rotatable about the lens barrel axis Z0relative to the first linear guide ring 14 by both the engagement of thesecond plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 c with thecircumferential groove 15 e and the engagement of the plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 15 d with the circumferential groove14 d. The second plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 cand the circumferential groove 15 e are engaged with each other to beslightly movable relative to each other in the optical axis direction.Likewise, the plurality of relative rotation guide projections 15 d andthe circumferential groove 14 d are engaged with each other to beslightly movable relative to each other in the optical axis direction.The helicoid ring 18 is coupled to the first linear guide ring 14 to berotatable about the lens barrel axis Z0 relative to the first linearguide ring 14 by engagement of the first plurality of relative rotationguide projections 14 b with the circumferential groove 18 g. The firstplurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 b and thecircumferential groove 18 g are engaged with each other to be slightlymovable relative to each other in the optical axis direction.

The first linear guide ring 14 is provided with a set of threethrough-slots 14 e which radially penetrate the first linear guide ring14. As shown in FIG. 15, each through-slot 14 e includes a frontcircumferential slot portion 14 e-1, a rear circumferential slot portion14 e-2, and an inclined lead slot portion 14 e-3 which connects thefront circumferential slot portion 14 e-1 with the rear circumferentialslot portion 14 e-2. The front circumferential slot portion 14 e-1 andthe rear circumferential slot portion 14 e-2 extend parallel to eachother in a circumferential direction of the first linear guide ring 14.The zoom lens 71 is provided with a cam ring 11 a front portion of whichis positioned inside the first external barrel 12. A set of three rollerfollowers 32 fixed to an outer peripheral surface of the cam ring 11 atdifferent circumferential positions thereon are engaged in the set ofthree through-slots 14 e, respectively (see FIG. 3). Each rollerfollower 32 is fixed to the cam ring 11 by set screw 32 a. The set ofthree roller followers 32 are further engaged in the set of threerotation transfer grooves 15 f through the set of three through-slots 14e, respectively. The zoom lens 71 is provided between the first linearguide ring 14 and the third external barrel 15 with a follower-biasingring spring 17. A set of three follower pressing protrusions 17 aprotrude rearward from the follower-biasing ring spring 17 to be engagedin front portions of the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f,respectively (see FIG. 14). The set of three follower pressingprotrusions 17 a press the set of three roller followers 32 rearward toremove backlash between the set of three roller followers 32 and the setof three through-slots 14 e when the set of three roller followers 32are engaged in the front circumferential slot portions 14 e-1 of the setof three through-slots 14 e, respectively.

Advancing operations of movable elements of the zoom lens 71 from thestationary barrel 22 to the cam ring 11 will be discussed hereinafterwith reference to the above described structure of the digital camera70. Rotating the zoom gear 28 in a lens barrel advancing direction bythe zoom motor 150 causes the helicoid ring 18 to move forward whilerotating about the lens barrel axis z0 due to engagement of the femalehelicoid 22 a with the male helicoid 18 a. This rotation of the helicoidring 18 causes the third external barrel 15 to move forward togetherwith the helicoid ring 18 while rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0together with the helicoid ring 18, and further causes the first linearguide ring 14 to move forward together with the helicoid ring 18 and thethird external barrel 15 because each of the helicoid ring 18 and thethird external barrel 15 is coupled to the first linear guide ring 14 tomake respective relative rotations between the third external barrel 15and the first linear guide ring 14 and between the helicoid ring 18 andthe first linear guide ring 14 possible and to be movable together alonga direction of a common rotational axis (i.e., the lens barrel axis Z0)due to the engagement of the first plurality of relative rotation guideprojections 14 b with the circumferential groove 18 g, the engagement ofthe second plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 c withthe circumferential groove 15 e and the engagement of the plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 15 d with the circumferential groove14 d. Rotation of the third external barrel 15 is transferred to the camring 11 via the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f and the setof three roller followers 32, which are engaged in the set of threerotation transfer grooves 15 f, respectively. Since the set of threeroller followers 32 are also engaged in the set of three through-slots14 e, respectively, the cam ring 11 moves forward while rotating aboutthe lens barrel axis Z0 relative to the first linear guide ring 14 inaccordance with contours of the lead slot portions 14 e-3 of the set ofthree through-slots 14 e. Since the first linear guide ring 14 itselfmoves forward together with the third lens barrel 15 and the helicoidring 18 as described above, the cam ring 11 moves forward in the opticalaxis direction by an amount of movement corresponding to the sum of theamount of the forward movement of the first linear guide ring 14 and theamount of the forward movement of the cam ring 11 by engagement of theset of three roller followers 32 with the lead slot portions 14 e-3 ofthe set of three through-slots 14 e, respectively.

The above described rotating-advancing operations of the cam ring 11,the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 are performedwhile the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b are moving inthe set of three inclined grooves 22 c, respectively, only when the malehelicoid 18 a and the female helicoid 22 a are engaged with each other.When the helicoid ring 18 moves forward by a predetermined amount ofmovement, the male helicoid 18 a and the female helicoid 22 a aredisengaged from each other so that the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b move from the set of three inclined grooves 22 c to theset of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d, respectively. Since thehelicoid ring 18 does not move in the optical axis direction relative tothe stationary barrel 22 even if rotating upon the disengagement of themale helicoid 18 a from the female helicoid 22 a, the helicoid ring 18and the third external barrel 15 rotate at respective axial fixedpositions thereof without moving in the optical axis direction due tothe engagement of the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 bwith the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d. Furthermore, atsubstantially the same time when the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b slide into the set of three rotational sliding grooves22 d from the set of three inclined grooves 22 c, respectively, the setof three roller followers 32 enter the front circumferential slotportions 14 e-1 of the set of three through-slots 14 e, respectively. Inthis state, since the first linear guide ring 14 stops while the set ofthree roller followers 32 have respectively moved into the frontcircumferential slot portions 14 e-1, the cam ring 11 is not given anyforce to make the cam ring 11 move forward. Consequently, the cam ring11 only rotates at an axial fixed position in accordance with rotationof the third external barrel 15.

Rotating the zoom gear 28 in a lens barrel retracting direction thereofby the zoom motor 150 causes the aforementioned movable elements of thezoom lens 71 from the stationary barrel 22 to the cam ring 11 to operatein the reverse manner to the above described advancing operations. Inthis reverse operation, the above described movable elements of the zoomlens 71 retract to their respective retracted positions shown in FIG. 10by rotation of the helicoid ring 18 until the set of three rollerfollowers 32 enter the rear circumferential slot portions 14 e-2 of theset of three through-slots 14 e, respectively.

The first linear guide ring 14 is provided on an inner peripheralsurface thereof with a set of three pairs of first linear guide grooves14 f which are formed at different circumferential positions to extendparallel to the photographing optical axis Z1, and a set of six secondlinear guide grooves 14 g which are formed at different circumferentialpositions to extend parallel to the photographing optical axis Z1. Eachpair of first linear guide grooves 14 f are positioned on the oppositesides of the associated linear guide groove 14 g (every other linearguide groove 14 g) in a circumferential direction of the first linearguide ring 14. The zoom lens 71 is provided inside the first linearguide ring 14 with a second linear guide ring 10. The second linearguide ring 10 is provided on an outer edge thereof with a set of threebifurcated projections 10 a which project radially outwards from a ringportion 10 b of the second linear guide ring 10. Each bifurcatedprojection 10 a is provided at a radially outer end thereof with a pairof radial projections which are respectively engaged in the associatedpair of first linear guide grooves 14 f (see FIGS. 3 and 18). On theother hand, a set of six radial projections 13 a which are formed on anouter peripheral surface of the second external barrel 13 at a rear endthereof to project radially outwards (see FIG. 3) are engaged in the setof six second linear guide grooves 14 g, respectively to be slidabletherealong. Therefore, each of the second external barrel 13 and thesecond linear guide ring 10 is guided in the optical axis direction viathe first linear guide ring 14.

The zoom lens 71 is provided inside the cam ring 11 with a second lensgroup moving frame 8 which indirectly supports and holds the second lensgroup LG2 (see FIG. 3). The first external barrel 12 indirectly supportsthe first lens group LG1, and is positioned inside the second externalbarrel 13 (see FIG. 2). The second linear guide ring 10 serves as alinear guide member for guiding the second lens group moving frame 8linearly without rotating the same, while the second external barrel 13serves as a linear guide member for guiding the first external barrel 12linearly without rotating the same.

The second linear guide ring 10 is provided on the ring portion 10 bwith a set of three linear guide keys 10 c (specifically two narrowlinear guide keys 10 c and a wide linear guide key 10 c-W) which projectforward in parallel to one another (see FIGS. 3 and 18) from the ringportion 10 b. The second lens group moving frame 8 is provided with acorresponding set of three guide grooves 8 a (specifically two narrowguide grooves 8 a and a wide guide groove 8 a-W) in which the set ofthree linear guide keys 10 c are engaged, respectively. As shown inFIGS. 9 and 10, a discontinuous outer edge of the ring portion 10 b isengaged in a discontinuous circumferential groove 11 e formed on aninner peripheral surface of the cam ring 11 at the rear end thereof tobe rotatable about the lens barrel axis Z0 relative to the cam ring 11and to be immovable relative to the cam ring 11 in the optical axisdirection. The set of three linear guide keys 10 c project forward fromthe ring portion lob to be positioned inside the cam ring 11. Oppositeedges of each linear guide key 10 c in a circumferential direction ofthe second linear guide ring 10 serve as parallel guide edges which arerespectively engaged with circumferentially-opposed guide surfaces inthe associated guide groove 8 a of the second lens group moving frame 8,which is positioned in the cam ring 11 to be supported thereby, to guidethe second lens group moving frame 8 linearly in the optical axisdirection without rotating the same about the lens barrel axis Z0.

The wide linear guide key 10 c-W has a circumferential width greaterthan those of the other two linear guide keys 10 c to also serve as asupport member for supporting a flexible PWB (printed wiring board) 77(see FIGS. 84 through 87) used for exposure control. The wide linearguide key 10 c-W is provided thereon with a radial through hole 10 dthrough which the flexible PWB 77 passes (see FIG. 18). A portion of thering portion 10 b from which the wide linear guide key 10 c-W projectsforward is partly cut out so that the rear end of the radial throughhole 10 d extends through the rear end of the ring portion 10 b. Asshown in FIGS. 9 and 125, the flexible PWB 77 for exposure controlpasses through the radial through hole 10 d to extend forward along anouter surface of the wide linear guide key 10 c-W from the rear of thering portion 10 b, and subsequently bends radially inwards in thevicinity of the front end of the wide linear guide key 10 c-W to extendrearward along an inner surface of the wide linear guide key 10 c-W. Thewide guide groove 8 a-W has a circumferential width greater than thoseof the other two guide grooves 8 a so that the wide linear guide key 10c-W can be engaged in the wide guide groove 8 a-W to be slidabletherealong. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 19, the second lens groupmoving frame 8 is provided in the wide guide groove 8 a-W with a radialrecess 8 a-Wa in which the flexible PWB 77 can lie and two separatebottom walls 8 a-Wb positioned on opposite sides of the radial recess 8a-Wa to support the wide linear guide key 10 c-W thereon. Whereas, eachof the other two guide grooves 8 a is formed as a simple bottomed groovethat is formed on an outer peripheral surface of the second lens groupmoving frame 8. The second lens group moving frame 8 and the secondlinear guide ring 10 can be coupled to each other only when the widelinear guide key 10 c-W and the wide guide groove 8 a-W are aligned inthe direction of the lens barrel axis Z0.

The cam ring 11 is provided on an inner peripheral surface thereof witha plurality of inner cam grooves 11 a for moving the second lens groupLG2. As shown in FIG. 17, the plurality of inner cam grooves 11 a arecomposed of a set of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1 formed atdifferent circumferential positions, and a set of three rear inner camgrooves 11 a-2 formed at different circumferential positions behind theset of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1. Each rear inner cam groove11 a-2 is formed on the cam ring 11 as a discontinuous cam groove (seeFIG. 17), the detail thereof will be discussed later.

The second lens group moving frame 8 is provided on an outer peripheralsurface thereof with a plurality of cam followers 8 b. As shown in FIG.19, the plurality of cam followers 8 b include a set of three front camfollowers 8 b-1 which are formed at different circumferential positionsto be respectively engaged in the set of three front inner cam grooves11 a-1, and a set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 which are formed atdifferent circumferential positions behind the set of three front camfollowers 8 b-1 to be respectively engaged in the set of three rearinner cam grooves 11 a-2.

A rotation of the cam ring 11 causes the second lens group moving frame8 to move in the optical axis direction in a predetermined moving mannerin accordance with contours of the plurality of inner cam grooves 11 asince the second lens group moving frame 8 is guided linearly in theoptical axis direction without rotating via the second linear guide ring10.

The zoom lens 71 is provided inside the second lens group moving frame 8with a second lens frame (radially-retractable lens frame) 6 whichsupports and holds the second lens group LG2. The second lens frame 6 ispivoted on a pivot shaft 33 front and rear ends of which are supportedby front and rear second lens frame support plates (a pair of secondlens frame support plates) 36 and 37, respectively (see FIGS. 3 and 102through 105). The pair of second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 arefixed to the second lens group moving frame 8 by a set screw 66. Thepivot shaft 33 is a predetermined distance away from the photographingoptical axis Z1, and extends parallel to the photographing optical axisZ1. The second lens frame 6 is swingable about the pivot shaft 33between a photographing position shown in FIG. 9 where the optical axisof the second lens group LG2 coincides with the photographing opticalaxis Z1 and a radially retracted position (retracted away from theoptical axis)shown in FIG. 10 where the optical axis of the second lensgroup LG2 is eccentric from the photographing optical axis Z1. Arotation limit shaft 35 which determines the photographing position ofthe second lens frame 6 is mounted to the second lens group moving frame8. The second lens frame 6 is biased to rotate in a direction to comeinto contact with the rotation limit shaft 35 by a front torsion coilspring 39. A compression coil spring 38 is fitted on the pivot shaft 33to remove backlash of the second lens frame 6 in the optical axisdirection.

The second lens frame 6 moves together with the second lens group movingframe 8 in the optical axis direction. The CCD holder 21 is provided ona front surface thereof with a position-control cam bar 21 a whichprojects forward from the CCD holder 21 to be engageable with the secondlens frame 6 (see FIG. 4). If the second lens group moving frame 8 movesrearward in a retracting direction to approach the CCD holder 21, aretracting cam surface 21 c (see FIG. 103) formed on a front end surfaceof the position-control cam bar 21 a comes into contact with a specificportion of the second lens frame 6 to rotate the second lens frame 6 tothe radially retracted position.

The second external barrel 13 is provided, on an inner peripheralsurface thereof, with a set of three linear guide grooves 13 b which areformed at different circumferential positions to extend parallel to oneanother in the optical axis direction. The first external barrel 12 isprovided on an outer peripheral surface at the rear end thereof with aset of three engaging protrusions 12 a which are slidably engaged in theset of three linear guide grooves 13 b, respectively (see FIGS. 2, 20and 21). Accordingly, the first external barrel 12 is guided linearly inthe optical axis direction without rotating about the lens barrel axisZ0 via the first linear guide ring 14 and the second external barrel 13.The second external barrel 13 is further provided on an inner peripheralsurface thereof in the vicinity of the rear end of the second externalbarrel 13 with a discontinuous inner flange 13 c which extends along acircumference of the second external barrel 13. The cam ring 11 isprovided on an outer peripheral surface thereof a discontinuouscircumferential groove 11 c in which the discontinuous inner flange 13 cis slidably engaged so that the cam ring 11 is rotatable about the lensbarrel axis Z0 relative to the second external barrel 13 and so that thesecond external barrel 13 is immovable in the optical axis directionrelative to the cam ring 11. On the other hand, the first externalbarrel 12 is provided on an inner peripheral surface thereof with a setof three cam followers 31 which projects radially inwards, while the camring 11 is provided on an outer peripheral surface thereof with a set ofthree outer cam grooves 11 b (cam grooves for moving the first lensgroup LG1) in which the set of three cam followers 31 are slidablyengaged, respectively.

The zoom lens 71 is provided inside the first external barrel 12 with afirst lens frame 1 which is supported by the first external barrel 12via a first lens group adjustment ring 2. The first lens group LG1 issupported by the first lens frame 1 to be fixed thereto. The first lensframe 1 is provided on an outer peripheral surface thereof with a malescrew thread la, and the first lens group adjustment ring 2 is providedon an inner peripheral surface thereof with a female screw thread 2 awhich is engaged with the male screw thread 1 a. The axial position ofthe first lens frame 1 relative to the first lens group adjustment ring2 can be adjusted via the male screw thread la and the female screwthread 2 a. A combination of the first lens frame 1 and the first lensgroup adjustment ring 2 is positioned inside the first external barrel12 to be supported thereby and to be movable in the optical axisdirection relative to the first external barrel 12. The zoom lens 71 isprovided in front of the first external barrel 12 with a fixing ring 3which is fixed to the first external barrel 12 by two set screws 64 toprevent the first lens group adjustment ring 2 from moving forward andcoming off the first external barrel 12.

The zoom lens 71 is provided between the first and second lens groupsLG1 and LG2 with a shutter unit 76 including the shutter S and theadjustable diaphragm A (see FIGS. 1, 9 and 10). The shutter unit 76 ispositioned in the second lens group moving frame 8 to be supportedthereby. The air-distance between the shutter S and the second lensgroup LG2 is fixed. Likewise, the air-distance between the diaphragm Aand the second lens group LG2 is fixed. The zoom lens 71 is provided infront of the shutter unit 76 with a shutter actuator 131 for driving theshutter S, and is provided behind the shutter unit 76 with a diaphragmactuator 132 for driving the diaphragm A (see FIG. 140). The flexiblePWB 77 extends from the shutter unit 76 to establish electricalconnection between the control circuit 140 and each of the shutteractuator 131 and the diaphragm actuator 132. Note that, in FIG. 9, theflexible PWB 77 is shown in a cross sectional view of a lower halfportion of the zoom lens 71 below the photographing optical axis Z1 (thezoom lens 71 set at wide-angle extremity) for the purpose of making therelative locations between the flexible PWB 77 and peripheral elementsclearly understandable though the flexible PWB 77 is actually disposedonly in the space above the photographing optical axis Z1 in the zoomlens 71.

The zoom lens 71 is provided at the front end of the first externalbarrel 12 with a lens barrier mechanism which automatically closes afront end aperture of the zoom lens 71 when the zoom lens 71 isretracted into the camera body 72 to protect the frontmost lens elementof the photographing optical system of the zoom lens 71, i.e. the firstlens group LG1, from getting stains and scratches thereon when thedigital camera 70 is not in use. As shown in FIGS. 1, 9 and 10, the lensbarrier mechanism is provided with a pair of barrier blades 104 and 105.The pair of barrier blades 104 and 105 are rotatable about two pivotsprojecting rearward therefrom to be positioned on radially oppositesides of the photographing optical axis Z1, respectively. The lensbarrier mechanism is further provided with a pair of barrier bladebiasing springs 106, a barrier blade drive ring 103, a drive ringbiasing spring 107 and a barrier blade holding plate 102. The pair ofbarrier blades 104 and 105 are biased to rotate in opposite directionsto be closed by the pair of barrier blade biasing springs 106,respectively. The barrier blade drive ring 103 is rotatable about thelens barrel axis Z0, and is engaged with the pair of barrier blades 104and 105 to open the pair of barrier blades 104 and 105 when driven torotate in a predetermined rotational direction. The barrier blade drivering 103 is biased to rotate in a barrier opening direction to open thepair of barrier blades 104 and 105 by the drive ring biasing spring 107.The barrier blade holding plate 102 is positioned between the barrierblade drive ring 103 and the pair of barrier blades 104 and 105. Thespring force of the drive ring biasing spring 107 is greater than thespring force of the pair of barrier blade biasing springs 106 so thatthe barrier blade drive ring 103 is held by the spring force of thedrive ring biasing spring 107 in a specific rotational position thereofto open the pair of barrier blades 104 and 105 against the biasing forceof the pair of barrier blade biasing springs 106 in the state shown inFIG. 9 where the zoom lens 71 has been extended forward to a point in azooming range (zooming operation performable range) where a zoomingoperation can be carried out. In the course of the retracting movementof the zoom lens 71 to the retracted position shown in FIG. 10 from aposition in the zooming range, the barrier blade drive ring 103 isforcefully rotated in a barrier closing direction opposite to theaforementioned barrier opening direction by a barrier drive ringpressing surface 11 d (see FIGS. 3 and 16) formed on the cam ring 11.This rotation of the barrier blade drive ring 103 causes the barrierblade drive ring 103 to be disengaged from the pair of barrier blades104 and 105 so that the pair of barrier blades 104 and 105 are closed bythe spring force of the pair of barrier blade biasing springs 106. Thezoom lens 71 is provided immediately in front of the lens barriermechanism with a substantially round lens barrier cover (decorativeplate) 101 which covers the front of the lens barrier mechanism.

A lens barrel advancing operation and a lens barrel retracting operationof the zoom lens 71 having the above described structure will bediscussed hereinafter.

The stage at which the cam ring 11 is driven to advance from theretracted position shown in FIG. 10 to the position shown in FIG. 9where the cam ring 11 rotates at the axial fixed position without movingin the optical axis direction has been discussed above, and will bebriefly discussed hereinafter.

In the state shown in FIG. 10 in which the zoom lens 71 is in theretracted state, the zoom lens 71 is fully accommodated in the camerabody 72 so that the front face of the zoom lens 71 is substantiallyflush with the front face of the camera body 72. Rotating the zoom gear28 in the lens barrel advancing direction by the zoom motor 150 causes acombination of the helicoid ring 18 and the third external barrel 15 tomove forward while rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0 due toengagement of the female helicoid 22 a with the male helicoid 18 a, andfurther causes the first linear guide ring 14 to move forward togetherwith the helicoid ring 18 and the third external barrel 15. At thistime, the cam ring 11 which rotates by rotation of the third externalbarrel 15 moves forward in the optical axis direction by an amount ofmovement corresponding to the sum of the amount of the forward movementof the first linear guide ring 14 and the amount of the forward movementof the cam ring 11 by a leading structure between the cam ring 11 andthe first linear guide ring 14, i.e., by engagement of the set of threeroller followers 32 with the lead slot portions 14 e-3 of the set ofthree through-slots 14 e, respectively. Once the combination of thehelicoid ring 18 and the third external barrel 15 advances to apredetermined point, the male helicoid 18 a is disengaged from thefemale helicoid 22 a while the set of three roller followers 32 aredisengaged from the lead slot portions 14 e-3 to enter the frontcircumferential slot portions 14 e-1, respectively. Consequently, eachof the helicoid ring 18 and the third external barrel 15 rotates aboutthe lens barrel axis Z0 without moving in the optical axis direction.

A rotation of the cam ring 11 causes the second lens group moving frame8, which is positioned inside the cam ring 11, to move in the opticalaxis direction with respect to the cam ring 11 in a predetermined movingmanner due to the engagement of the set of three front cam followers 8b-1 with the set of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1 and theengagement of the set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 with the set ofthree rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2, respectively. In the state shown inFIG. 10 in which the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state, the secondlens frame 6, which is positioned inside the second lens group movingframe 8, has rotated about the pivot shaft 33 to be held in the radiallyretracted position above the photographing optical axis Z1 by theposition-control cam bar 21 a so that the optical axis of the secondlens group LG2 moves from the photographing optical axis Z1 to aretracted optical axis Z2 positioned above the photographing opticalaxis Z1. In the course of movement of the second lens group moving frame8 from the retracted position to a position in the zooming range asshown in FIG. 9, the second lens frame 6 is disengaged from theposition-control cam bar 21 a to rotate about the pivot shaft 33 fromthe radially retracted position to the photographing position shown inFIG. 9 where the optical axis of the second lens group LG2 coincideswith the photographing optical axis Z1 by the sprig force of the fronttorsion coil spring 39. Thereafter, the second lens frame 6 remains tobe held in the photographing position until when the zoom lens 71 isretracted into the camera body 72.

In addition, a rotation of the cam ring 11 causes the first externalbarrel 12, which is positioned around the cam ring 11 and guidedlinearly in the optical axis direction without rotating about the lensbarrel axis Z0, to move in the optical axis direction relative to thecam ring 11 in a predetermined moving manner due to engagement of theset of three cam followers 31 with the set of three outer cam grooves 11b, respectively.

Therefore, an axial position of the first lens group LG1 relative to apicture plane (a light-sensitive surface of the CCD image sensor 60)when the first lens group LG1 is moved forward from the retractedposition is determined by the sum of the amount of forward movement ofthe cam ring 11 relative to the stationary barrel 22 and the amount ofmovement of the first external barrel 12 relative to the cam ring 11,while an axial position of the second lens group LG2 relative to thepicture plane when the second lens group LG2 is moved forward from theretracted position is determined by the sum of the amount of forwardmovement of the cam ring 11 relative to the stationary barrel 22 and theamount of movement of the second lens group moving frame 8 relative tothe cam ring 11. A zooming operation is carried out by moving the firstand second lens groups LG1 and LG2 on the photographing optical axis Z1while changing the space therebetween. When the zoom lens 71 is drivento advance from the retracted position shown in FIG. 10, the zoom lens71 firstly goes into a state shown below the photographing lens axis Z1in FIG. 9 in which the zoom lens 71 is set at wide-angle extremity.Subsequently, the zoom lens 71 goes into the state shown above thephotographing lens axis Z1 in FIG. 9 in which the zoom lens 71 is set attelephoto extremity by a further rotation of the zoom motor 150 in alens barrel advancing direction thereof. As can be seen from FIG. 9, thespace between the first and second lens groups LG1 and LG2 when the zoomlens 71 is set at the wide-angle extremity is greater than that when thezoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremity. When the zoom lens 71 isset at the telephoto extremity as shown above the photographing lensaxis Z1 in FIG. 9, the first and second lens groups LG1 and LG2 havemoved to approach each other to have some space therebetween which issmaller than the space in the zoom lens 71 set at the wide-angleextremity. This variation of the space between the first and second lensgroups LG1 and LG2 for zooming operation is achieved by contours of theplurality of inner cam grooves 11 a (11 a-1 and 11 a-2) and the set ofthree outer cam grooves 11 b. In the zooming range between thewide-angle extremity and the telephoto extremity, the cam ring 11, thethird external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 rotate at theirrespective axial fixed positions, i.e., without moving in the opticalaxis direction.

When the first through third lens groups LG1, LG2 and LG3 are in thezooming range, a focusing operation is carried out by moving the thirdlens group L3 along the photographing optical axis Z1 by rotation of theAF motor 160 in accordance with an object distance.

Driving the zoom motor 150 in a lens barrel retracting direction causesthe zoom lens 71 to operate in the reverse manner to the above describedadvancing operation to fully retract the zoom lens 71 into the camerabody 72 as shown in FIG. 10. In the course of this retracting movementof the zoom lens 71, the second lens frame 6 rotates about the pivotshaft 33 to the radially retracted position by the position-control cambar 21 a while moving rearward together with the second lens groupmoving frame 8. When the zoom lens 71 is fully retracted into the camerabody 72, the second lens group LG2 is retracted into the space radiallyoutside the space in which the third lens group LG3, the low-pass filterLG4 and the CCD image sensor 60 are retracted as shown in FIG. 10, i.e.,the second lens group LG2 is radially retracted into an axial rangesubstantially identical to an axial range in the optical axis directionin which the third lens group LG3, the low-pass filter LG4 and the CCDimage sensor 60 are positioned. This structure of the camera 70 forretracting the second lens group LG2 in this manner reduces the lengthof the zoom lens 71 when the zoom lens 71 is fully retracted, thusmaking it possible to reduce the thickness of the camera body 72 in theoptical axis direction, i.e., in the horizontal direction as viewed inFIG. 10.

As described above, the helicoid ring 18, the third external barrel 15and the cam ring 11 move forward while rotating at the stage at whichthe zoom lens 71 changes from the retracted state shown in FIG. 10 to aready-to-photograph state shown in FIG. 9 (in which the first throughthird lens groups LG1, LG2 and LG3 remain within the zooming range),whereas the helicoid ring 18, the third external barrel 15 and the camring 11 rotate at the respective axial fixed positions thereof withoutmoving in the optical axis direction when the zoom lens 71 is in theready-to-photograph state. The third external barrel 15 and the helicoidring 18 are engaged with each other to be rotatable together about thelens barrel axis Z0 by making the three pairs of rotation transferprojections 15 a inserted into the three rotation transfer recesses 18d, respectively. In this state where the three pairs of rotationtransfer projections 15 a are respectively engaged in the three rotationtransfer recesses 18 d, the set of three engaging projections 15 b arerespectively engaged in the set of three engaging recesses 18 e, whichare formed on inner peripheral surfaces of the helicoid ring 18 in threerotational sliding projections 18 b, respectively (see FIGS. 37 and 38).In a state where the relative rotational angle about the lens barrelaxis Z0 between the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 issuch that the three pairs of rotation transfer projections 15 a arerespectively engaged in the three rotation transfer recesses 18 d andthat the set of three engaging projections 15 b are respectively engagedin the set of three engaging recesses 18 e, the front ends of the threecompression coil springs 25, the rear ends of which are respectivelyinserted in the three spring support holes 18 f on the front end of thehelicoid ring 18, are respectively in pressing contact with the threeengaging recesses 15 c that are formed at the rear end of the thirdexternal barrel 15.

Each of the helicoid ring 18 and the third external barrel 15 is coupledto the first linear guide ring 14 to make respective relative rotationsbetween the third external barrel 15 and the first linear guide ring 14and between the helicoid ring 18 and the first linear guide ring 14possible due to the engagement of the first plurality of relativerotation guide projections 14 b with the circumferential groove 18 g,the engagement of the second plurality of relative rotation guideprojections 14 c with the circumferential groove 15 e and the engagementof the plurality of relative rotation guide projections 15 d with thecircumferential groove 14 d. As can be seen in FIGS. 33 through 36, thesecond plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 c and thecircumferential groove 15 e are engaged with each other to be slightlymovable relative to each other in the optical axis direction, theplurality of relative rotation guide projections 15 d and thecircumferential groove 14 d are engaged with each other to be slightlymovable relative to each other in the optical axis direction, and thefirst plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 b and thecircumferential groove 18 g are engaged with each other to be slightlymovable relative to each other in the optical axis direction.Accordingly, the helicoid ring 18 and the third external barrel 15 areslightly movable relative to each other in the optical axis directioneven though prevented from being separated totally from each other inthe optical axis direction via the first linear guide ring 14. Theamount of play (clearance) between the helicoid ring 18 and the firstlinear guide ring 14 in the optical axis direction is greater than thatbetween the third external barrel 15 and the first linear guide ring 14.

When the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 are engagedwith each other to be rotatable relative to the first linear guide ring14, the spaces between the three spring support holes 18 f and the threeengaging recesses 15 c in the optical axis direction are smaller thanthe free lengths of the three compression coil springs 25 so that thethree compression coil springs 25 are compressed and held betweenopposed end surfaces of the third external barrel 15 and the helicoidring 18. The three compression coil springs 25 compressed between theopposed end surfaces of the third external barrel 15 and the helicoidring 18 bias the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 inopposite directions away from each other by the resilience of the threecompression coil springs 25, i.e., bias the third external barrel 15 andthe helicoid ring 18 forward and rearward in the optical axis directionby the resilience of the three compression coil springs 25,respectively.

As shown in FIGS. 27 through 31, the stationary barrel 22 is provided ineach of the three inclined grooves 22 c with two opposed inclinedsurfaces 22 c-A and 22 c-B which are apart from each other in acircumferential direction of the stationary barrel. The helicoid ring 18is provided, on opposite side edges of each of the three rotationalsliding projections 18 b in a circumferential direction of the helicoidring 18, with two circumferential end surfaces 18 b-A and 18 b-B whichface the two opposed inclined surfaces 22 c-A and 22 c-B in theassociated inclined grooves 22 c, respectively. Each of the two opposedinclined surfaces 22 c-A and 22 c-B in each inclined groove 22 c extendparallel to threads of the female helicoid 22 a. The two circumferentialend surfaces 18 b-A and 18 b-B of each of the three rotational slidingprojections 18 b are parallel to the two opposed inclined surfaces 22c-A and 22 c-B in the associated inclined groove 22 c, respectively. Thetwo circumferential end surfaces 18 b-A and 18 b-B of each rotationalsliding projection 18 b are shaped so as not to interfere with the twoopposed inclined surfaces 22 c-A and 22 c-B in the associated inclinedgroove 22 c, respectively. More specifically, when the male helicoid 18a are engaged with the female helicoid 22 a, the two opposed inclinedsurfaces 22 c-A and 22 c-B in each inclined groove 22 c do not hold theassociated rotational sliding projection 18 b therebetween as shown inFIG. 31. In other words, the two opposed inclined surfaces 22 c-A and 22c-B in each inclined groove 22 c are not engaged with the twocircumferential end surfaces 18 b-A and 18 b-B of the associatedrotational sliding projection 18 b, respectively, when the male helicoid18 a are engaged with the female helicoid 22 a.

One of the three rotational sliding projections 18 b is provided on thecircumferential end surface 18 b-A thereof with an engaging surface 18b-E (see FIGS. 37, 38, 39, 42 and 43) with which the stop projection 26b of the stop member 26 can be engaged. The engaging surface 18 b-E isparallel to the lens barrel axis Z0.

As described above, the stationary barrel 22 is provided in each of theset of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d with two opposed surfaces:the front guide surface 22 d-A and the rear guide surface 22 d-B whichare apart from each other in the optical axis direction to extendparallel to each other. Each of the three rotational sliding projections18 b is provided with a front sliding surface 18 b-C and a rear slidingsurface 18 b-D which extend parallel to each other to be slidable on thefront guide surface 22 d-A and the rear guide surfaces 22 d-B,respectively. As shown in FIGS. 37 through 39, the set of three engagingrecesses 18 e are respectively formed on front sliding surfaces 18 b-Cof the three rotational sliding projections 18 b of the helicoid ring 18to be open at the front end of the helicoid ring 18.

In the state shown in FIGS. 23 and 27 in which the zoom lens 71 is inthe retracted state, the two circumferential end surfaces 18 b-A and 18b-B of each rotational sliding projection 18 b are not in contact withthe two opposed inclined surfaces 22 c-A and 22 c-B in each inclinedgroove 22 c though the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 bare positioned in the set of three inclined grooves 22 c, respectively,as shown in FIG. 31. In the retracted state of the zoom lens 71, themale helicoid 18 a is engaged with the female helicoid 22 a while theset of three rotational sliding projections 18 b are engaged in the setof three inclined grooves 22 c, respectively. Therefore, if the helicoidring 18 is rotated in a lens barrel advancing direction (in an upwarddirection as viewed in FIG. 23) by rotation of the zoom gear 28 that isin mesh with the annular gear 18 c of the helicoid ring 18, the helicoidring 18 moves forward in the optical axis direction (in a leftwarddirection as viewed in FIG. 23) while rotating about the lens barrelaxis Z0 due to engagement of the male helicoid 18 a with the femalehelicoid 22 a. During this rotating-advancing operation of the helicoidring 18, the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b do notinterfere with the stationary barrel 22 since the set of threerotational sliding projections 18 b move in the set of three set ofthree inclined grooves 22 c therealong, respectively.

When the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b arerespectively positioned in the set of three set of three inclinedgrooves 22 c, positions of the set of three engaging projections 15 b inthe optical axis direction are not limited by the set of three inclinedgrooves 22 c, respectively, and also a position of the front slidingsurface 18 b-C and a position of the rear sliding surface 18 b-D of eachrotational sliding projection 18 b in the optical axis direction are notlimited by the associated inclined groove 22 c. As shown in FIGS. 35 and36, the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18, which arebiased in opposite directions away from each other by the spring forceof the three compression coil springs 25, are slightly apart from eachother in the optical axis direction by a distance corresponding to theamount of clearance between the relative rotation guide projections 14b, 14 c and 15 d and the circumferential grooves 18 g, 15 e and 14 d,respectively, i.e., by a distance corresponding to the sum of the amountof play (clearance) between the helicoid ring 18 and the first linearguide ring 14 in the optical axis direction and the amount of play(clearance) between the third external barrel 15 and the first linearguide ring 14 in the optical axis direction. In this state, the springforce of the three compression coil springs 25 by which the thirdexternal barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 are biased in oppositedirections away from each other is small because the three compressioncoil springs 25 are not compressed largely, so that the space betweenthe third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 is looselymaintained. The existence of this loosely maintained space does notbecome a substantial problem because any pictures are not taken duringthe translation of the zoom lens 71 from the retracted state to theready-to-photograph state, i.e., when the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b are engaged in the set of three inclinedgrooves 22 c. In retractable telescoping type zoom lenses including thepreset embodiment of the zoom lens 71, it is generally the case that thetotal time in which the zoom lens is in the retracted position(including the time when the power is OFF) is greater than the servicehours (operating time). Accordingly, it is desirable to apply no heavyload to biasing members such as three compression coil springs 25 toprevent the biasing members from deteriorating with time unless the zoomlens is in the ready-to-photograph state. In addition, if the springforce of the three compression coil springs 25 is small, only a littleload is applied to the associated moving parts of the zoom lens 71during the translation of the zoom lens 71 from the retracted state tothe ready-to-photograph state. This lessens the loads applied to thezoom motor 150.

A forward movement of the helicoid ring 18 in the optical axis directioncauses the first linear guide ring 14 to move together with the helicoidring 18 in the optical axis direction due to engagement of theengagement of the first plurality of relative rotation guide projections14 b with the circumferential groove 18 g. At the same time, a rotationof the helicoid ring 18 is transferred to the cam ring 11 via the thirdexternal barrel 15 to move the cam ring 11 forward in the optical axisdirection while rotating the cam ring 11 about the lens barrel axis Z0relative to the first linear guide ring 14 by engagement of the set ofthree roller followers 32 with the lead slot portions 14 e-3 of the setof three through-slots 14 e, respectively. This rotation of the cam ring11 causes the first lens group LG1 and the second lens group LG2 to movealong the photographing optical axis Z1 in a predetermined moving mannerin accordance with contours of the set of three outer cam grooves 11 bfor moving the first lens group LG1 and the plurality of inner camgrooves 11 a (11 a-1 and 11 a-2) for moving the second lens group LG2.

Upon moving beyond the front ends of the set of three inclined grooves22 c, the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b enter the setof three rotational sliding grooves 22 d, respectively. The ranges offormation of the male helicoid 18 a and the female helicoid 22 a on thehelicoid ring 18 and the stationary barrel 22, respectively, aredetermined so that the male helicoid 18 a and the female helicoid 22 aare disengaged from each other at the time when the set of threerotational sliding projections 18 b enter the set of three rotationalsliding grooves 22 d, respectively. More specifically, the stationarybarrel 22 is provided, on an inner peripheral surface thereofimmediately behind the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d,with the aforementioned non-helicoid area 22 z, on which no threads ofthe female helicoid 22 a are formed, and the width of the non-helicoidarea 22 z in the optical axis direction is greater than the width ofthat area on the outer peripheral surface of the helicoid ring 18 onwhich the male helicoid 18 is formed in the optical axis direction. Onthe other hand, the space between the male helicoid 18 a and the set ofthree rotational sliding projections 18 b in the optical axis directionis determined so that the male helicoid 18 a and the set of threerotational sliding projections 18 b are positioned within thenon-helicoid area 22 z in the optical axis direction when the set ofthree rotational sliding projections 18 b are positioned in the set ofthree rotational sliding grooves 22 d, respectively. Therefore, at thetime when the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 brespectively enter the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d, themale helicoid 18 a and the female helicoid 22 a are disengaged from eachother, so that the helicoid ring 18 does not move in the optical axisdirection even if rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0 relative to thestationary barrel 22. Thereafter, the helicoid ring 18 rotates about thelens barrel axis Z0 without moving in the optical axis direction inaccordance with rotation of the zoom gear 28 in the lens barreladvancing direction. As shown in FIG. 24, the zoom gear 28 remainsengaged with the annular gear 18 c even after the helicoid ring 18 hasmoved to the fixed axis position thereof, at which the helicoid ring 18rotates about the lens barrel axis Z0 without moving in the optical axisdirection due to the engagement of the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b with the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d.This makes it possible to continue to transfer rotation of the zoom gear28 to the helicoid ring 18.

The state of the zoom lens 71 shown in FIGS. 24 and 28 in which thehelicoid ring 18 can rotate at the axial fixed position while the set ofthree rotational sliding projections 18 b have slightly moved in the setof three rotational sliding grooves 22 d corresponds to a state in whichthe zoom lens 71 is set at the wide-angle extremity. As shown in FIG. 28in which the zoom lens 71 is set at the wide-angle extremity, eachrotational sliding projection 18 b is positioned in the associatedrotational sliding groove 22 d with the front sliding surface 18 b-C andthe rear sliding surface 18 b-D of the rotational sliding projection 18b facing the front guide surface 22 d-A and the rear guide surface 22d-B in the associated rotational sliding groove 22 d, so that thehelicoid ring 18 is prevented from moving in the optical axis directionrelative to the stationary barrel 22.

When the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b move into theset of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d, respectively, as shown inFIG. 33, the set of three engaging projections 15 b of the thirdexternal barrel 15 move into the set of three rotational sliding grooves22 d at the same time, respectively, so that the set of three engagingprojections 15 b are respectively pressed against the front guidesurfaces 22 d-A in the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d bythe spring force of the three compression coil springs 25 and so thatthe set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b of the helicoidring 18 are respectively pressed against the rear guide surfaces 22 d-Bin the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d by the spring forceof the three compression coil springs 25. The space between the frontguide surfaces 22 d-A and the rear guide surfaces 22 d-B in the opticalaxis direction is determined to make the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b and the set of three engaging projections 15 bpositioned closer to each other in the optical axis direction than thosewhen the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b and the set ofthree engaging projections 15 b are respectively positioned in the setof three inclined grooves 22 c. At this time when the set of threerotational sliding projections 18 b and the set of three engagingprojections 15 b are made to be positioned closer to each other in theoptical axis direction, the three compression coil springs 25 arelargely compressed to thereby apply a stronger spring force to the setof three engaging projections 15 b and the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b than the spring force which is applied theretoby the three compression coil springs 25 when the zoom lens 71 is in theretracted state. Thereafter, while the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b and the set of three engaging projections 15 b arepositioned in the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d, the setof three engaging projections 15 b and the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b are pressed against each other by the springforce of the three compression coil springs 25. This stabilizes axialpositions of the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18relative to the stationary barrel 22 in the optical axis direction.Namely, the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 aresupported by the stationary barrel 22 with no play between the thirdexternal barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 in the optical axisdirection.

Rotating the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 in thelens barrel advancing direction from their respective wide-angleextremities (from the positions shown in FIGS. 24 and 28) causes the setof three engaging projections 15 b and the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b (the rear sliding surface 18 b-D thereof) tofirstly move toward the terminal ends of the set of three rotationalsliding grooves 22 d (upwards as viewed in FIG. 28) while being guidedby the front guide surfaces 22 d-A and the rear guide surfaces 22 d-Band subsequently reach telephoto extremities of the third externalbarrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 (the positions shown in FIGS. 25 and29). Since the set of three engaging projections 15 b and the set ofthree rotational sliding projections 18 b remain engaged in the set ofthree rotational sliding grooves 22 d, respectively, the helicoid ring18 and the third external barrel 15 are prevented from moving in theoptical axis direction relative to the stationary barrel 22 andaccordingly rotate about the lens barrel axis Z0 without moving in theoptical axis direction relative to the stationary barrel 22. In thisstate, the helicoid ring 18 is guided to be rotatable about the lensbarrel axis Z0 mainly by the rear sliding surfaces 18 b-D of the set ofthree rotational sliding projections 18 b and the rear guide surfaces 22d-B of the stationary barrel 22 because the helicoid ring 18 is biasedrearward in the optical axis direction by the three compression coilsprings 25, i.e., in a direction to make the rear sliding surfaces 18b-D come into pressing contact with the rear guide surfaces 22 d-B,respectively (see FIG. 32).

When the helicoid ring 18 rotates at the axial fixed position, the camring 11 also rotates at the axial fixed position without moving in theoptical axis direction relative to the first linear guide ring 14because the set of three roller followers 32 are engaged in the frontcircumferential slot portions 14 e-1 of the set of three through-slots14 e, respectively. Accordingly, the first and second lens groups LG1and LG2 move in the optical axis direction relative to each other in apredetermined moving manner to perform a zooming operation in accordancewith contours of respective zooming sections of the plurality of innercam grooves 11 a (11 a-1 and 11 a-2) and the set of three outer camgrooves 11 b.

Further rotating the external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 in thelens barrel advancing direction to move the external barrel 15 and thehelicoid ring 18 in the optical axis direction beyond their respectivetelephoto extremities causes the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b to reach the terminal ends (assembly/disassemblysections) of the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d as shownin FIGS. 26 and 30. In this state shown in FIGS. 26 and 30, movableelements of the zoom lens 71 such as the first through third externalbarrels 12, 13 and 15 can be removed from the stationary barrel 22 fromthe front thereof. However, if the stop member 26 is provided fixed tothe stationary barrel 22 as shown in FIG. 41, such movable elementscannot be removed from the stationary barrel 22 unless the stop member26 is removed from the stationary barrel 22 because the engaging surface18 b-E, which is provided on specific one of the three rotationalsliding projections 18 b, comes into contact with the stop projection 26b of the stop member 26 to prevent the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b from reaching the terminal ends (assembly/disassemblysections) of the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d,respectively.

Rotating the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 in a lensbarrel retracting direction (downwards as viewed in FIG. 25) from theirrespective telephoto extremities causes the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b and the set of three engaging projections 15 bto move toward the set of three inclined grooves 22 c in the set ofthree rotational sliding grooves 22 d, respectively. During thismovement, the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid barrel 18 rotatetogether about the lens barrel axis Z0 with no play between the thirdexternal barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 in the optical axisdirection because the set of three engaging projections 15 b arerespectively pressed against the front guide surfaces 22 d-A in the setof three rotational sliding grooves 22 d by the spring force of thethree compression coil springs 25 while the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b of the helicoid ring 18 are respectivelypressed against the rear guide surfaces 22 d-B in the set of threerotational sliding grooves 22 d by the spring force of the threecompression coil springs 25.

Further rotating the external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 in thelens barrel retracting direction beyond their respective wide-angleextremities (the positions shown in FIGS. 24 and 28) causes thecircumferential end surfaces 18 b-B of the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b to come into contact with the inclined surfaces22 c-B in the set of three inclined grooves 22 c, respectively.Thereupon, the movement of the helicoid ring 18 in the lens barrelretracting direction generates a component force in a direction to makethe circumferential end surfaces 18 b-B of the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b move rearward in the optical axis directionalong the inclined surfaces 22 c-B in the set of three inclined grooves22 c while sliding thereon, respectively, because the twocircumferential end surfaces 18 b-A and 18 b-B of each of the threerotational sliding projections 18 b are parallel to the two opposedinclined surfaces 22 c-A and 22 c-B in the associated inclined groove 22c as shown in FIG. 31, respectively. Therefore, the helicoid ring 18starts moving rearward in the optical axis direction while rotatingabout the lens barrel axis Z0 in the reverse manner to when the helicoidring 18 moves forward while rotating. A slight rearward movement of thehelicoid ring 18 in the optical axis direction by the engagement of theset of three rotational sliding projections 18 b with the set of threeinclined grooves 22 c, respectively, causes the male helicoid 18 a to beengaged with the female helicoid 22 a again. Thereafter, furtherrotating the helicoid ring 18 in the lens barrel retracting directioncauses the helicoid barrel 18 to keep moving rearward in the opticalaxis direction by the engagement of the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b with the set of three inclined grooves 22 c,respectively, until the helicoid ring 18 reaches a retracted positionthereof shown in FIGS. 23 and 27, i.e., until the zoom lens 71 is fullyretracted. The third external barrel 15 moves rearward in the opticalaxis direction while rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0 due to thestructures of the helicoid ring 18 and the first linear guide ring 14.During this rearward movement of the third external barrel 15, the setof three engaging projections 15 b moves together with the set of threerotational sliding projections 18 b in the set of three inclined grooves22 c, respectively. When the helicoid ring 18 and the third externalbarrel 15 move rearward in the optical axis direction, the first linearguide ring 14 also moves rearward in the optical axis direction, whichcauses the cam ring 11, which is supported by the first linear guidering 14, to move rearward in the optical axis direction. In addition, atthe time when the helicoid ring 18 starts moving rearward while rotatingafter rotating at the axial fixed position, the set of three rollerfollowers 32 are disengaged from the front circumferential slot portions14 e-1 to be engaged in the lead slot portions 14 e-3, respectively,while the cam ring 11 moves rearward in the optical axis direction whilerotating about the lens barrel axis Z0 with respect to the first linearguide ring 14.

Upon the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b entering theset of three inclined grooves 22 c from the set of three rotationalsliding grooves 22 d, respectively, the third external barrel 15 and thehelicoid ring 18 change the relationship therebetween from therelationship in the ready-to-photograph state shown in FIGS. 33 and 34,in which the relative axial positions of the third external barrel 15and the helicoid ring 18 in the optical axis direction are finelydetermined, back to the relationship shown in FIGS. 35 and 36, in whichthe axial positions of the third external barrel 15 and the helicoidring 18 are coarsely determined due to the engagement of the thirdexternal barrel 15 with the first linear guide ring 14 with a clearancetherebetween in the optical axis direction and the engagement of thehelicoid barrel 18 with the first linear guide ring 14 with a clearancetherebetween in the optical axis direction since either positions of theset of three engaging projections 15 b in the optical axis direction orpositions of the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b in theoptical axis direction are not limited by the set of three rotationalsliding grooves 22 d, respectively. In the state shown in FIGS. 35 and36 in which the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b areengaged in the set of three inclined grooves 22 c, the respectivepositions of the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 inthe optical axis direction do not need to be determined finely since thezoom lens 71 is no longer in the ready-to-photograph state.

As can be understood from the above descriptions, in the presentembodiment of the zoom lens 71, a simple mechanism having the male andfemale helicoids 18 a and 22 a (that have male threads and femalethreads which are formed on radially-opposed outer and inner peripheralsurfaces of the helicoid ring 18 and the stationary barrel 22,respectively), the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b, theset of three inclined grooves 22 c and the set of three rotationalsliding grooves 22 d can make the helicoid ring 18 perform arotating-advancing/rotating-retracting operation in which the helicoidring 18 rotates while moving forward or rearward in the optical axisdirection, and a fixed-position rotating operation in which the helicoidring 18 rotates at a predetermined axial fixed position without movingin the optical axis direction relative to the stationary barrel 22. Asimple fit between two ring members such as the helicoid ring 18 and thestationary barrel 22 with a highly reliable precision in driving one ofthe two ring members relative to the other can generally be achievedwith a fitting structure using helicoids (male and female helicoidthreads). Moreover, the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 band the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d, which are adoptedto make the helicoid ring 18 rotatable at the axial fixed position whichcannot be achieved by helicoids, also constitute a simpleprojection-depression structure similar to the above fitting structureusing helicoids. Furthermore, the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b and the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 dare formed on the outer and inner peripheral surfaces of the helicoidring 18 and the stationary barrel 22 on which the male helicoid 18 a andthe female helicoid 22 a are also formed. This does not require anyadditional space for the installation of the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b and the set of three rotational sliding grooves22 d in the zoom lens 71. Accordingly, the aforementionedrotating-advancing/rotating-retracting operation and the fixed-positionrotating operation that are performed by rotation of the helicoid ring18 are achieved with a simple, compact and low-cost structure.

The zoom gear 28 has a sufficient length in the optical axis directionto remain engaged with the annular gear 18 c of the helicoid ring 18regardless of variations of the position thereof in the optical axisdirection. Therefore, the zoom gear 28, that is provided as a singlegear, can transfer rotation thereof to the helicoid ring 18 at all timesin each of the rotating-advancing/rotating-retracting operation and thefixed-position rotating operation of the helicoid ring 18. Accordingly,a simple and compact rotation transfer mechanism for transferringrotation to the helicoid ring 18 that presents intricate movements isachieved in the present embodiment of the zoom lens, and the helicoidring 18 and components associated therewith which are positioned insidethe helicoid ring 18 can be driven with a high degree of precision.

As shown in FIGS. 31 and 32, the tooth depth of each rotational slidingprojection 18 b of the female helicoid 18 a is greater than that of eachthread of the female helicoid 18 a, and accordingly the set of threeinclined grooves 22 c and the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22d are formed to have greater tooth depths than the threads of the femalehelicoid 22 a. On the other hand, the zoom gear 28 is supported by thestationary barrel 22 so that the gear teeth formed around the zoom gear28 project radially inwards from an inner peripheral surface of thestationary barrel 22 (from a tooth flank of the female helicoid 22 a) tobe engaged with the annular gear 18 c, which is formed on an outerperipheral surface of each thread of the male helicoid 18 a. Therefore,the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b and gear teeth ofthe zoom gear 28 are positioned in the same annular range (radial range)about the lens barrel axis Z0 as viewed from the front of the zoom lens71. However, the zoom gear 28 does not overlap the moving paths of setof three rotational sliding projections 18 b because the zoom gear 28 ispositioned between two of the set of three inclined grooves 22 c in acircumferential direction of the stationary barrel 22 and because thezoom gear 28 is installed on the stationary barrel 22 at a positiondifferent from the position of the set of three rotational slidinggrooves 22 d in the optical axis direction. Accordingly, the set ofthree rotational sliding projections 18 b do not interfere with the zoomgear 28 even though engaged in either the set of three inclined grooves22 c or the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d.

It is possible that the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 band the zoom gear 28 be prevented from interfering with each other byreducing the amount of projection of the gear teeth of the zoom gear 28from an inner peripheral surface of the stationary barrel 22 (from atooth flank of the female helicoid 22 a) so that the tooth depth of thezoom gear 28 becomes smaller than that of the male helicoid 18 a.However, in this case, the amount of engagement of the teeth of the zoomgear 28 with the teeth of the male helicoid 18 a will be small, whichmakes it difficult to achieve a stable rotation of the helicoid ring 18when it rotates at the axial fixed position. Alternatively, if the toothdepth of the male helicoid 18 a is increased without changing the amountof projection of each rotational sliding projection 18 b, both thediameter of the stationary barrel 22 and the radial distance between thezoom gear 28 and the lens barrel axis Z0 increase accordingly. Thisincreases the diameter of the zoom lens 71. Accordingly, if either thetooth depth of the male helicoid 18 a or the amount of projection of theset of three rotational sliding projections 18 b in radial directions ofthe helicoid ring 18 is changed to prevent the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b and the zoom gear 28 from interfering with eachother, the helicoid ring 18 may not be driven with stability; moreover,a sufficient downsizing of the zoom barrel 71 may not be done. Incontrast, according to the configurations of the zoom gear 28 and theset of three rotational sliding projections 18 b shown in FIGS. 27through 30, the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b and thezoom gear 28 can be prevented from interfering with each other withoutsuch problems.

In the present embodiment of the zoom lens 71, a rotatable portion ofthe zoom lens 71 which rotates at an axial fixed position at one timeand also rotates while moving forward or rearward in the optical axisdirection at another time is divided into two parts: the third externalbarrel 15, and the helicoid ring 18 that are slightly movable relativeto each other in the optical axis direction. In addition, the thirdexternal barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 are biased in oppositedirections away from each other in the optical axis direction by theresilience of the three compression coil springs 25 to press the set ofthree engaging projections 15 b of the third external barrel 15 againstthe front guide surfaces 22 d-A in the set of three rotational slidinggrooves 22 d, respectively, and to press the set of three rotationalsliding projections 18 b of the helicoid ring 18 against the rear guidesurfaces 22 d-B in the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d,respectively, to eliminate backlash between the third external barrel 15and the stationary barrel 22 and backlash between the helicoid ring 18and the stationary barrel 22. As described above, the set of threerotational sliding grooves 22 d and the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b are elements of a drive mechanism for rotating thehelicoid ring 18 at the axial fixed position or rotating the helicoidring 18 while moving the same in the optical axis direction, and arealso used as elements for removing the aforementioned backlashes. Thisreduces the number of elements of the zoom lens 71.

The zoom lens 71 does not have to secure an additional space in thevicinity of the stationary barrel 22 in which the three compression coilsprings 25 adopted for removing backlash are accommodated because thethree compression coil springs 25 are compressed and held betweenopposed end surfaces of the third external barrel 15 and the helicoidring 18 that rotate in one piece about the lens barrel axis Z0. Inaddition, the set of three engaging projections 15 b are respectivelyreceived in the set of three engaging recesses 18 e. This achieves aspace-saving connected portion between the third external barrel 15 andthe helicoid ring 18.

As described above, the three compression coil springs 25 are largelycompressed to apply a strong spring force to the set of three engagingprojections 15 b and the set of three rotational sliding projections 18b only when the zoom lens 71 is in the ready-to-photograph state.Namely, the three compression coil springs 25 are not largely compressedto apply a strong spring force to the set of three engaging projections15 b and the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b when thezoom lens 71 is not in the ready-to-photograph state, e.g., theretracted state. This reduces load on the associated moving parts of thezoom lens 71 during the translation of the zoom lens 71 from theretracted state to the ready-to-photograph state, especially at thebeginning of driving the zoom lens in the lens barrel advancingoperation, and also increases durability of the three compression coilsprings 25.

The helicoid ring 18 and the third external barrel 15 are disengagedfrom each other firstly in the disassembling operation of the zoom lens71. A zoom lens assembling mechanism which makes it easy for the zoomlens 71 to be assembled and disassembled, mainly elements of the zoomlens assembling mechanism which are associated with the helicoid ring 18and the third external barrel 15, will be discussed hereinafter.

As described above, the stationary barrel 22 is provided with thestop-member insertion hole 22 e that radially penetrates the stationarybarrel 22, from an outer peripheral surface of the stationary barrel 22to a bottom surface of specific one of the three rotational slidinggrooves 22 d. The stationary barrel 22 is provided on a surface thereofin the vicinity of the stop-member insertion hole 22 e with a screw hole22 f and a stop member positioning protrusion 22 g. The stop member 26,which is fixed to the stationary barrel 22 as shown in FIG. 41, isprovided with an arm portion 26 a which extends along an outerperipheral surface of the stationary barrel 22, and the aforementionedstop projection 26 b which projects radially inwards from the armportion 26 a. The stop member 26 is provided at one end thereof with aninsertion hole 26 c into which the set screw 67 is inserted, and isfurther provided at the other end thereof with a hook portion 26 d. Thestop member 26 is fixed to the stationary barrel 22 by screwing the setscrew 67 into the screw hole 22 f through the insertion hole 26 c withthe hook portion 26 d being engaged with the stop member positioningprotrusion 22 g as shown in FIG. 41. In a state where the stop member 26is fixed to the stationary barrel 22 in this manner, the stop projection26 b is positioned in the stop-member insertion hole 22 e so that thetip of the stop projection 26 b projects inside a specific rotationalsliding groove 22 d among the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22d. This state is shown in FIG. 37. Note that the stationary barrel 22 isnot shown in FIG. 37.

The stationary barrel 22 is provided, at the front end thereof on thefront walls of the three rotational sliding grooves 22 d, with threeinsertion/removable holes 22 h through which the front of the stationarybarrel 22 communicate with the three rotational sliding grooves 22 d inthe optical axis direction, respectively. Each of the threeinsertion/removable holes 22 h has a sufficient width allowing theassociated one of the three engaging projections 15 b to be insertedinto the insertion/removable hole 22 h in the optical axis direction.FIG. 42 shows one of the three insertion/removable holes 22 h andperipheral parts when the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremityas shown in FIGS. 25 and 29. As can be clearly seen in FIG. 42, in thecase where the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremity, the setof three engaging projections 15 b cannot be removed, toward the frontof the zoom lens 71, from the three rotational sliding grooves 22 dthrough the three insertion/removable holes 22 h because the threeengaging projections 15 b and the three insertion/removable holes 22 hare not aligned in the optical axis direction (horizontal direction asviewed in FIG. 42), respectively. This positional relationship is truefor the remaining two insertion/removable holes 22 h though only one ofthe three insertion/removable holes 22 h is shown in FIG. 42. On theother hand, when the zoom lens 71 is set at the wide-angle extremity asshown in FIGS. 24 and 28, the three engaging projections 15 b arerespectively positioned further from the three insertion/removable holes22 h than the three engaging projections 15 b shown in FIGS. 25 and 29in which the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremity. This meansthat the set of three engaging projections 15 b cannot be removed fromthe three rotational sliding grooves 22 d through the threeinsertion/removable holes 22 h, respectively, when the zoom lens 71 isin the ready-to-photograph state, i.e., when the zoom lens 71 is set ata focal length between the wide-angle extremity and the telephotoextremity.

In order to align the three engaging projections 15 b and the threeinsertion/removable holes 22 h in the optical axis direction,respectively, from the state shown in FIG. 42 in which the zoom lens 71is set at the telephoto extremity, the third external barrel 15 needs tobe further rotated together with the helicoid ring 18 counterclockwiseas viewed from the front of the zoom lens 71 relative to the stationarybarrel 22 (upwards as viewed in FIG. 42) by a rotational angle(disassembling rotational angle) Rt1 (see FIG. 42). However, in a statewhere the stop projection 26 b is inserted into the stop-memberinsertion hole 22 e as shown in FIG. 41, if the third external barrel 15is rotated together with the helicoid ring 18 counterclockwise as viewedfrom the front of the zoom lens 71 relative to the stationary barrel 22by a rotational angle (allowable rotational angle) Rt2 (see FIG. 42),which is smaller than the disassembling rotational angle Rt1, from thestate shown in FIG. 42 in which the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephotoextremity, the engaging surface 18 b-E that is formed on one of thethree rotational sliding projections 18 b comes into contact with thestop projection 26 b of the stop member 26 to prevent the third externalbarrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 from further rotating (see FIG. 37).Since the allowable rotational angle Rt2 is smaller than thedisassembling rotational angle Rt1, the three engaging projections 15 band the three insertion/removable holes 22 h cannot be aligned in theoptical axis direction, respectively, which makes it impossible toremove the set of three engaging projections 15 b from the threerotational sliding grooves 22 d through the three insertion/removableholes 22 h, respectively. Namely, although terminal end portions of theset of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d, which respectivelycommunicate with the front of the stationary barrel 22 through the threeinsertion/removable holes 22 h, serve as assembly/disassembly sections,the third external barrel 15 cannot be rotated together with thehelicoid ring 18 to a point where the set of three engaging projections15 b are positioned in the terminal end portions of the set of threerotational sliding grooves 22 d, respectively, as long as the stopmember 26 remains fixed to the stationary barrel 22 with the stopprojection 26 b in the stop-member insertion hole 22 e.

In the disassembling operation of the zoom lens 71, the stop member 26needs to be removed from the stationary barrel 22 in the first place. Ifthe stop member 26 is removed, the stop projection 26 b comes out of thestop-member insertion hole 22 e. Once the stop projection 26 b comes outof the stop-member insertion hole 22 e, the third external barrel 15 andthe helicoid ring 18 can be rotated together by the disassemblingrotational angle Rt1. Rotating the third external barrel 15 and thehelicoid ring 18 together by the disassembling rotational angle Rt1 in astate where the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremity causesthe third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 to be positionedto their respective specific rotational positions relative to thestationary barrel 22 (hereinafter referred to asassembling/disassembling angular positions) as shown in FIGS. 26, 63.FIGS. 26 and 30 show a state of the zoom lens 71 where the thirdexternal barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 have been rotated togetherby the disassembling rotational angle Rt1 to be positioned in therespective assembling/disassembling angular positions from a state wherethe zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremity. This state of thezoom lens 71, in which the third external barrel 15 and the helicoidring 18 are positioned in the respective assembling/disassemblingangular positions, is hereinafter referred to as anassemblable/disassemblable state. FIG. 43 shows a portion of thestationary barrel 22 on which one of the three insertion/removable holes22 h is formed and portions of peripheral elements in the able-to-beassembled/disassembled state. As can be clearly understood from FIG. 43,if the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 have rotated bythe disassembling rotational angle Rt1 as shown in FIG. 43, the threeinsertion/removable holes 22 h and the three engaging recesses 18 e thatare formed on the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b arealigned in the optical axis direction so that the set of three engagingprojections 15 b accommodated in the set of three engaging recesses 18 ecan be removed therefrom through the three insertion/removable holes 22h from the front of the zoom lens 71, respectively. Namely, the thirdexternal barrel 15 can be removed from the stationary barrel 22 from thefront thereof. Removing the set of three engaging projections 15 b fromthe set of three engaging recesses 18 e, respectively, causes the set ofthree engaging projections 15 b of the third external barrel 15 and theset of three rotational sliding projections 18 b of the helicoid ring 18to be free from the spring force of the three compression coil springs25, which are adopted to bias the set of three engaging projections 15 band the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b in oppositedirections away from each other in the optical axis direction. At thesame time, a function of the three rotational sliding projections 18 bfor removing backlash between the third external barrel 15 and thestationary barrel 22 and backlash between the helicoid ring 18 and thestationary barrel 22 is cancelled. The three engaging projections 15 band the three insertion/removable holes 22 h are aligned in the opticalaxis direction when the set of three engaging projections 15 b are incontact with the terminal ends (upward ends as viewed in FIG. 28) of theset of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d, respectively. Accordingly,the three engaging projections 15 b and the three insertion/removableholes 22 h are automatically aligned in the optical axis direction ifthe third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 are fully rotatedtogether counterclockwise as viewed from the front of the zoom lens 71relative to the stationary barrel 22, i.e., if the third external barrel15 and the helicoid ring 18 are rotated together to the respectiveassembling/disassembling angular positions.

Although the third external barrel 15 can be removed from the stationarybarrel 22 when rotated to the assembling/disassembling angular positionas shown in FIGS. 26 and 30, the third external barrel 15 is stillengaged with the first linear guide ring 14 by the engagement of theplurality of relative rotation guide projections 15 d with thecircumferential groove 14 d and the engagement of the second pluralityof relative rotation guide projections 14 c with the circumferentialgroove 15 e. As can be seen in FIGS. 14 and 15, the second plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 14 c are formed on the first linearguide ring 14 at irregular intervals in a circumferential directionthereof, and some of the second plurality of relative rotation guideprojections 14 c have different circumferential widths than anotherones. Likewise, the plurality of relative rotation guide projections 15d are formed on the third external barrel 15 at irregular intervals in acircumferential direction thereof, and some of the relative rotationguide projections 15 d have different circumferential widths thananother ones. The third external barrel 15 is provided at a rear endthereof with a plurality of insertion/removable holes 15 g through whichthe second plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 c can beremoved from the circumferential groove 15 e in the optical axisdirection, respectively, only when the first linear guide ring 14 ispositioned in a specific rotational position relative to the thirdexternal barrel 15. Likewise, the first linear guide ring 14 is providedat the front end thereof with a plurality of insertion/removable holes14 h through which the plurality of relative rotation guide projections15 d can be removed from the circumferential groove 14 d in the opticalaxis direction, respectively, only when the third external barrel 15 ispositioned in a specific rotational position relative to the firstlinear guide ring 14.

FIGS. 44 through 47 are developed views of the third external barrel 15and the first linear guide ring 14, showing the relationship of couplingtherebetween in different states. Specifically, FIG. 44 shows a state ofcoupling between the third external barrel 15 and the first linear guidering 14 when the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state (whichcorresponds to the state shown in each of FIGS. 23 and 27), FIG. 45shows the same when the zoom lens 71 is set at the wide-angle extremity(which corresponds to the state shown in each of FIGS. 24 and 28), FIG.46 shows the same when the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephotoextremity (which corresponds to the state shown in each of FIGS. 25 and29), and FIG. 47 shows the same when the zoom lens 71 is in theassemblable/disassemblable state (which corresponds to the state shownin each of FIGS. 26 and 30). As can be seen from FIGS. 44 through 47,all of the second plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 cand the plurality of relative rotation guide projections 15 d cannot beinserted into or removed from the circumferential groove 15 e and thecircumferential groove 14 d in the optical axis direction through theplurality of insertion/removable holes 15 g and the plurality ofinsertion/removable holes 14 h at the same time, respectively, when thezoom lens 71 is in between the wide-angle extremity and the telephotoextremity, or even in between the wide-angle extremity and the retractedposition, because some of the second plurality of relative rotationguide projections 14 c and some of the plurality of relative rotationguide projections 15 d are engaged in the circumferential groove 15 eand the circumferential groove 14 d, respectively. Only when the thirdexternal barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 are rotated together to therespective assembling/disassembling angular positions as shown in FIGS.26 and 63 with the stop member having been removed, the second pluralityof relative rotation guide projections 14 c reach respective specificpositions in the circumferential groove 15 e at which the secondplurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 c and the pluralityof insertion/removable holes 15 g are aligned in the optical axisdirection and at the same time the plurality of relative rotation guideprojections 15 d reach respective specific positions in thecircumferential groove 14 d at which the plurality of relative rotationguide projections 15 d and the plurality of insertion/removable holes 14h are aligned in the optical axis direction. This makes it possible toremove the third external barrel 15 from the first linear guide ring 14from the front thereof as shown in FIGS. 47 and 56. Note that thestationary barrel 22 is not shown in FIG. 56. If the third externalbarrel 15 is removed, the three compression coil springs 25, which areto be held between the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring18, are exposed to the outside of the zoom lens 71, and can be removedaccordingly (see FIGS. 39 and 56).

Therefore, if the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 arerotated together to the respective assembling/disassembling angularpositions as shown in FIGS. 26 and 63 after the stop member has beenremoved, the third external barrel 15 can be removed from both thestationary barrel 22 and the first linear guide ring 14 at the sametime. In other words, the stop member 26 serves as a rotation limitingdevice for limiting the range of rotation of each of the third externalbarrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 about the lens barrel axis Z0relative to the stationary barrel 22 therein so that the third externalbarrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 cannot be rotated together to therespective assembling/disassembling angular positions in a normaloperating state of the zoom lens 71. As can be understood from the abovedescriptions, a guiding structure consisting of the set of threerotational sliding projections 18 b, the set of three rotational slidinggrooves 22 d and the set of three inclined grooves 22 c is simple andcompact; moreover, if only the stop member 26 is added to the guidingstructure, the range of rotation of each of the third external barrel 15and the helicoid ring 18 about the lens barrel axis Z0 relative to thestationary barrel 22 can be securely limited so that the third externalbarrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 cannot be rotated together to therespective assembling/disassembling angular positions in a normaloperating state of the zoom lens 71.

Removing the third external barrel 15 from the zoom lens 71 makes itpossible to further disassemble the zoom lens 71 in a manner which willbe discussed hereinafter. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the third externalbarrel 15 is provided at the front end thereof with a frontmost innerflange 15 h which projects radially inwards to close the front ends ofthe set of six second linear guide grooves 14 g. The second externalbarrel 13, the set of six radial projections 13 a of which arerespectively engaged in the set of six second linear guide grooves 14 g,cannot be removed from the front of the zoom lens 71 in a state wherethe third external barrel 15 and the first linear guide ring 14 arecoupled to each other because the frontmost inner flange 15 h preventsthe set of six radial projections 13 a from being removed from the setof six second linear guide grooves 14 g, respectively. Hence, the secondexternal barrel 13 can be removed from the first linear guide ring 14once the third external barrel 15 is removed. However, the secondexternal barrel 13 cannot be removed from the cam ring 11 in the opticalaxis direction if the discontinuous inner flange 13 c remains engaged inthe discontinuous circumferential groove 11 c of the cam ring 11. Asshown in FIG. 20, the discontinuous inner flange 13 c is formed as adiscontinuous groove which is disconnected at irregular intervals in acircumferential direction of the second external barrel 13. On the otherhand, as shown in FIG. 16, the cam ring 11 is provided on outerperipheral surface thereof with a set of three external protuberances 11g which project radially outwards, while the discontinuouscircumferential groove 11 c is formed discontinuously on only respectiveouter surfaces of the set of three external protuberances 11 g. Thediscontinuous circumferential groove 11 c is provided on each of thethree external protuberances 11 g with an insertion/removable hole 11 rwhich is open at the front end of the external protuberance 11 g. Theinsertion/removable holes 11 r are arranged at irregular intervals in acircumferential direction of the cam ring 11.

FIGS. 52 through 55 are developed views of the cam ring 11, the firstexternal barrel 12 and the second external barrel 13, showing therelationship of coupling of each of the first external barrel 12 and theexternal barrel 13 to the cam ring 11 in different states. Specifically,FIG. 52 shows a state of coupling of the first external barrel 12 andthe external barrel 13 to the cam ring 11 when the zoom lens 71 is inthe retracted state (which corresponds to the state shown in each ofFIGS. 23 and 27), FIG. 53 shows the same when the zoom lens 71 is set atthe wide-angle extremity (which corresponds to the state shown in eachof FIGS. 24 and 28), FIG. 54 shows the same when the zoom lens 71 is setat the telephoto extremity (which corresponds to the state shown in eachof FIGS. 25 and 29), and FIG. 55 shows the same when the zoom lens 71 isin the assemblable/disassemblable state (which corresponds to the stateshown in each of FIGS. 26 and 30). As can be seen from FIGS. 52 through54, the second external barrel 13 cannot be removed from the cam ring 11in the optical axis direction when the zoom lens 71 is in between thewide-angle extremity and the telephoto extremity, or even in between thewide-angle extremity and the retracted position because some portions ofthe discontinuous inner flange 13 c are engaged in at least a part ofthe discontinuous circumferential groove 11 c. Only when the thirdexternal barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 are rotated together to therespective assembling/disassembling angular positions as shown in FIGS.26 and 63, the rotation of the third external barrel 15 causes the camring 11 to rotate to a specific rotational position thereof at which allthe portions of the discontinuous inner flange 13 c of the secondexternal barrel 13 are exactly aligned with the threeinsertion/removable hole 11 r or the three circumferential spaces amongthe three external protuberances 11 g, respectively. This makes itpossible to remove the second external barrel 13 from the cam ring 11from the front thereof as shown in FIGS. 55 and 57.

In addition, in the state shown in FIG. 55 in which the zoom lens 71 isin the assemblable/disassemblable state, the set of three cam followers31 on the first external barrel 12 are positioned close to the frontopen ends of the set of three outer cam grooves 11 b, respectively, sothat the first external barrel 12 can be removed from the front of thezoom lens 71 as shown in FIG. 58. In addition, the first lens groupadjustment ring 2 can also be removed from the second external barrel 12after the two set screws 64 are screwed off to remove the fixing ring 3as shown in FIG. 2. Thereafter, the first lens frame 1 that is supportedby the first lens group adjustment ring 2 therein can also be removedfrom the first lens group adjustment ring 2 from the front thereof.

Although the first linear guide ring 14, the helicoid ring 18, the camring 11, and some other elements in the cam ring 11 such as the secondlens group moving frame 8 still remain in the stationary barrel 22 inthe state shown in FIG. 58, the zoom lens 71 can be further disassembledas needed.

As can be seen from FIGS. 57 and 58, if the third external barrel 15 isremoved with the zoom lens 71 being fully extended forward from thestationary barrel 22, each of the three set screws 32 a becomesaccessible. Thereafter, if the set of three roller followers 32 areremoved together with the three set screws 32 a as shown in FIG. 59, acombination of the cam ring 11 and the second linear guide ring 10 canbe removed from the first linear guide ring 14 from the rear thereofbecause no elements of the zoom lens 71 prevent the cam ring 11 frommoving rearward in the optical axis direction relative to the firstlinear guide ring 14. As shown in FIGS. 15 and 59, frond ends of eachpair of first linear guide grooves 14 f, in which the pair of radialprojections of the associated bifurcated projection 10 a are engaged,are each formed as a closed end while rear ends of the same are eachformed as an open end at the rear end of the first linear guide ring 14.Accordingly, the combination of the cam ring 11 and the second linearguide ring 10 can be removed from the first linear guide ring 14 onlyfrom the rear thereof. Although the second linear guide ring 10 and thecam ring 11 are coupled to each other with the discontinuous outer edgeof the ring portion 10 b being engaged in the discontinuouscircumferential groove 11 e to be rotatable relative to each other aboutthe lens barrel axis Z0, the second linear guide ring 10 and the camring 11 can be disengaged from each other as shown in FIG. 3 when one ofthe second linear guide ring 10 and the cam ring 11 is positioned in aspecific rotational position relative to the other.

When the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 are rotatedtogether to the respective assembling/disassembling angular positions asshown in FIGS. 26 and 63, the set of three front cam followers 8 b-1 areremoved from the set of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1 in theoptical axis direction from the front of the cam ring 11 while the setof three rear cam followers 8 b-2 are positioned in front open endsections 11 a-2 x of the set of three rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2,respectively. Therefore, the second lens group moving frame 8 can beremoved from the cam ring 11 from the front thereof as shown in FIG. 3.Since the front open end sections 11 a-2 x of the set of three rearinner cam grooves 11 a-2 are formed as linear grooves extending in theoptical axis direction, the second lens group moving frame 8 can beremoved from the cam ring 11 from the front thereof regardless ofwhether the second lens group moving frame 8 is guided linearly in theoptical axis direction by the second linear guide ring 10, i.e., whetheror not the set of three front cam followers 8 b-1 and the set of threerear cam followers 8 b-2 are engaged in the set of three front inner camgrooves 11 a-1 and the set of three rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2,respectively. In the state shown in FIG. 58 in which the cam ring 11 andthe second linear guide ring 10 remain inside the first linear guidering 14, only the second lens group moving frame 8 can be removed.

The pivot shaft 33 and the second lens frame 6 can be removed from thesecond lens group moving frame 8 after the set screws 66 are unscrewedto remove the pair of second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 (seeFIG. 3).

Aside from the elements positioned inside the cam ring 11, the helicoidring 18 can be removed from the stationary barrel 22. In this case,after the CCD holder 21 is removed from the stationary barrel 22, thehelicoid ring 18 is rotated in the lens barrel retracting direction fromthe assembling/disassembling angular position to be removed from thestationary barrel 22. This rotation of the helicoid ring 18 in the lensbarrel retracting direction causes the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b to move back into the set of three inclined grooves 22c from the set of three rotational sliding grooves 22 d so that the malehelicoid 18 a is engaged with the female helicoid 22 a, thus causing thehelicoid ring 18 to move rearward while rotating about the lens barrelaxis Z0. Upon the helicoid ring 18 moving rearward beyond the positionthereof shown in FIGS. 23 and 27, the set of three rotational slidingprojections 18 b are respectively removed from the set of three inclinedgrooves 22 c from rear open end sections 22 c-x thereof while the malehelicoid 18 a is disengaged from the female helicoid 22 a. Consequently,the helicoid ring 18, together with the linear guide ring 14, is removedfrom the stationary barrel 22 from the rear thereof.

The helicoid ring 18 and the linear guide ring 14 are engaged with eachother by engagement of the first plurality of relative rotation guideprojections 14 b with the circumferential groove 18 g. Similar to thesecond plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 c, the firstplurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 b are formed on thefirst linear guide ring 14 at irregular intervals in a circumferentialdirection thereof, and some of the first plurality of relative rotationguide projections 14 b have different circumferential widths thananother ones. The helicoid ring 18 is provided on an inner peripheralsurface thereof with a plurality of insertion/removable grooves 18 h viawhich the first plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 bcan enter the helicoid ring 18 (the circumferential groove 18 g) in theoptical axis direction, respectively, only when the first linear guidering 14 is positioned in a specific rotational position relative to thehelicoid ring 18.

FIGS. 48 through 51 show developed views of the first linear guide ring14 and the helicoid ring 18, showing the relationship of couplingtherebetween in different states. Specifically, FIG. 48 shows a state ofcoupling between the first linear guide ring 14 and the helicoid ring 18when the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state (which corresponds tothe state shown in each of FIGS. 23 and 27), FIG. 49 shows another stateof coupling between the first linear guide ring 14 and the helicoid ring18 when the zoom lens 71 is set at the wide-angle extremity (whichcorresponds to the state shown in each of FIGS. 24 and 28), FIG. 50shows the same when the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremityas shown in FIGS. 25 and 29, and FIG. 51 shows another state of couplingbetween the first linear guide ring 14 and the helicoid ring 18 when thezoom lens 71 is in the assemblable/disassemblable state (whichcorresponds to the state shown in each of FIGS. 26 and 30). As can beseen from FIGS. 48 through 51, when the zoom lens 71 is in between theretracted position and the position in the assemblable/disassemblablestate, in which the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18are positioned in the respective assembling/disassembling angularpositions as shown in FIGS. 26 and 63, all of the first plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 14 b cannot be inserted into orremoved from the plurality of insertion/removable grooves 18 h at thesame time, respectively, which makes it impossible to disengage thehelicoid ring 18 and the first linear guide ring 14 from each other inthe optical axis direction. All the first plurality of relative rotationguide projections 14 b can be inserted into or removed from theplurality of insertion/removable grooves 18 h at the same time,respectively, only when the helicoid ring 18 is further rotated in thelens barrel retracting direction (downwards as viewed in FIG. 48) to aspecific rotational position beyond the retracted position of thehelicoid ring 18 shown in FIG. 48. After the helicoid ring 18 has beenrotated to the specific rotational position, moving the helicoid 18forward (leftward as viewed in FIGS. 48 through 51) with respect to thefirst linear guide ring 14 causes the first plurality of relativerotation guide projections 14 b to be removed from the plurality ofinsertion/removable grooves 18 h to the rear of the circumferentialgroove 18 g, respectively. Alternatively, it is possible to modify thestructure coupling between the first linear guide ring 14 and thehelicoid ring 18 so that all the first plurality of relative rotationguide projections 14 b can pass the helicoid ring 18 in the optical axisdirection through the plurality of insertion/removable grooves 18 h atthe same time when the helicoid ring 18 and the linear guide ring 14 arepositioned at the aforementioned respective rotational positions atwhich the helicoid ring 18 and the linear guide ring 14 can be removedfrom the stationary barrel 22.

The second plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 c, whichare engaged in the circumferential groove 15 e of the third externalbarrel 15, are formed in front of the first plurality of relativerotation guide projections 14 b on first linear guide ring 14 in theoptical axis direction. As described above, the first plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 14 b are formed as circumferentiallyelongated projections at different circumferential positions on thefirst linear guide ring 14 while the second plurality of relativerotation guide projections 14 c are formed as circumferentiallyelongated projections at different circumferential positions on thefirst linear guide ring 14. More specifically, although the respectivepositions of the first plurality of relative rotation guide projections14 b are not coincident with those of the second plurality of relativerotation guide projections 14 c in a circumferential direction of thefirst linear guide ring 14, the first plurality of relative rotationguide projections 14 b and the second plurality of relative rotationguide projections 14 c are the same as each other in the number ofprojections, intervals of projections, and circumferential widths ofcorresponding projections as shown in FIG. 15. Namely, there is aspecific relative rotational position between the second plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 14 c and the plurality ofinsertion/removable grooves 18 h, in which the second plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 14 c and the plurality ofinsertion/removable grooves 18 h can be disengaged from each other inthe optical axis direction. If the helicoid ring 18 is moved forwardfrom the first linear guide ring 14 in a state where the secondplurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 c and the pluralityof insertion/removable grooves 18 h are in such a specific relativerotational position, each relative rotation guide projections 14 c canbe inserted into the corresponding insertion/removable groove 18 h fromthe front end thereof and subsequently removed from the sameinsertion/removable groove 18 h from the rear end thereof so that thehelicoid ring 18 can be removed from the first linear guide ring 14 fromthe front thereof. Accordingly, the front and rear ends of eachinsertion/removable groove 18 h are respectively formed as open ends sothat the associated relative rotation guide projections 14 c can passthe helicoid ring 18 in the optical axis direction through theinsertion/removable groove 18 h.

Namely, the helicoid ring 18 and the first linear guide ring 14 are notin a disengagable state until the helicoid ring 18 and the first linearguide ring 14 are removed from the stationary barrel 22 and relativelyrotated by a predetermined amount of rotation. In other words, whendisassembling the third external barrel 15, the helicoid ring 18 and thefirst linear guide ring 14 are mutually engaged with each other whilebeing supported inside the stationary barrel 22. The assembly process isaccordingly facilitated by disallowing the first linear guide ring 14from being disengaged.

As can be understood from the foregoing, in the present embodiment ofthe zoom lens, the third external barrel 15, which performs therotating-advancing/rotating-retracting operation and the fixed-positionrotating operation, can be easily removed from the zoom lens 71 byrotating the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 togetherto the respective assembling/disassembling angular positions as shown inFIGS. 26 and 63, which are different from any of their respectivepositions in either of the zooming range and the retracting range, afterthe stop member 26 has been removed from the stationary barrel 22.Moreover, a function of the three rotational sliding projections 18 bfor removing backlash between the third external barrel 15 and thestationary barrel 22 and backlash between the helicoid ring 18 and thestationary barrel 22 can be cancelled by removing the third externalbarrel 15 from the zoom lens 71. Furthermore, when the zoom lens 71 isin the assemblable/disassemblable state, in which the third externalbarrel 15 can be inserted into or removed from the zoom lens 71, thesecond external barrel 13, the first external barrel 12, the cam ring11, the second lens group moving frame 8 and other elements are alsopositioned at their respective assembling/disassembling positions tobecome removable from the zoom lens 71 one after another after the thirdexternal barrel 15 is removed from the zoom lens 71. This results in animprovement in workability of disassembling the zoom lens 71.

Although only a disassembling procedure of the zoom lens 71 has beendiscussed above, a reverse procedure to the above disassemblingprocedure can be performed as an assembling procedure of the zoom lens71. This also results in an improvement in workability of assembling thezoom lens 71.

Another feature of the zoom lens 71 which is associated with the thirdexternal barrel 15 (and also the helicoid ring 18) will be hereinafterdiscussed with reference mainly to FIGS. 60 through 72. In FIGS. 60through 63, some portions of the linear guide ring 14 and the thirdexternal barrel 15, and the follower-biasing ring spring 17 for biasingthe set of three roller followers 32 would not normally be visible(i.e., are supposed to be shown by hidden lines), but are shown by solidlines for the purpose of illustration. FIGS. 64 through 66 show portionsof the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18, viewed fromthe inside thereof, and accordingly the direction of inclination of,e.g. the inclined lead slot portion 14 e-3 appeared in FIGS. 64 and 65,is opposite to that shown in the other Figures.

As can be understood from the above descriptions, in the presentembodiment of the zoom lens 71, a rotatable barrel positionedimmediately inside the stationary barrel 22 (namely, the first rotatablebarrel when viewed from the side of the stationary barrel 22) is dividedinto two parts: the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18.In the following descriptions, the third external barrel 15 and thehelicoid ring 18 are referred to as a rotatable barrel KZ in some casesfor clarity (e.g. see FIGS. 23 through 26, 60 through 62). The functionof the rotatable barrel KZ is to impart motion to the set of threeroller followers 32 to rotate the set of three roller followers 32 aboutthe lens barrel axis Z0. The cam ring 11 receives force, which makes thecam ring 11 rotate about the lens barrel axis Z0 while moving in theoptical axis direction, via the set of three roller followers 32 to movethe first and second lens groups LG1 and LG2 in the optical axisdirection in a predetermined moving manner. Engaging portions of therotatable barrel KZ which are engaged with the set of three rollerfollowers 32, i.e., the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 fsatisfy some conditions which will be hereinafter discussed.

First of all, the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f, in whichthe set of three roller followers 32 are engaged, need to have lengthscorresponding to the range of movement of the set of three rollerfollowers 32 in the optical axis direction. This is because each rollerfollower 32 is not only rotated about the lens barrel axis Z0 between aretracted position shown in FIG. 60 and a position shown in FIG. 62which corresponds to the telephoto extremity of the zoom lens 71 via aposition shown in FIG. 61 which corresponds to the wide-angle extremityof the zoom lens 71, but also moved in the optical axis directionrelative to the rotatable barrel KZ by the associated inclined lead slotportion 14 e-3 of the first linear guide ring 14.

The third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 substantiallyoperate as a one-piece rotatable barrel: the rotatable barrel KZ. Thisis because the third external barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18 areprevented from rotating relative to each other by engagement of thethree pairs of rotation transfer projections 15 a with the threerotation transfer recesses 18 d, respectively. However, in the presentembodiment of the zoom lens, since the third external barrel 15 and thehelicoid ring 18 are provided as separate members for the purpose ofassembling and disassembling the zoom lens 71, there is provided aslight clearance between each pair of rotation transfer projections 15 aand the associated rotation transfer recess 18 d in a rotationaldirection (vertical direction as viewed in FIG. 66). More specifically,as shown in FIG. 66, the three pairs of rotation transfer projections 15a and the three rotation transfer recesses 18 d are formed so that acircumferential space WD1 between circumferentially-opposed two sidesurfaces 18 d-S of the helicoid ring 18 in each rotation transfer recess18 d that extend parallel to each other becomes slightly greater than acircumferential space WD2 between opposite end surfaces 15 a-S of theassociated pair of rotation transfer projections 15 a that also extendparallel to each other. Due to this clearance, the third external barrel15 and the helicoid ring 18 slightly rotate relative to each other aboutthe lens barrel axis Z0 when one of the third external barrel 15 and thehelicoid ring 18 is rotated about the lens barrel axis Z0 relative tothe other. For instance, in the state shown in FIG. 64, if the helicoidring 18 is rotated in the lens barrel advancing direction shown by anarrow AR1 in FIG. 65 (downwards as viewed in FIGS. 64 and 65) withrespect to the third external barrel 15, the helicoid ring 18 rotates inthe same direction by an amount of rotation “NR” with respect to thethird external barrel 15 so that one of the circumferentially-opposedtwo side surfaces 18 d-S in each rotation transfer recess 18 d comesinto contact with corresponding one of the opposite end surfaces 15 a-Sof the associated pair of rotation transfer projections 15 a as shown inFIG. 65. Therefore, the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f mustbe formed on the third external barrel 15 to be capable of guiding theset of three roller followers 32 smoothly in the optical axis directionat all times regardless of the presence or absence of a variation in therelative rotational position between the third external barrel 15 andthe helicoid ring 18 that is caused by the presence of the clearancebetween each pair of rotation transfer projections 15 a and theassociated rotation transfer recess 18 d. This clearance is exaggeratedin the drawings for the purpose of illustration.

In the present embodiment of the zoom lens, the three pairs of rotationtransfer projections 15 a that extend rearward in the optical axisdirection are formed on the third external barrel 15 as engagingportions thereof for engaging the third external barrel 15 with thehelicoid ring 18. This structure of the three pairs of rotation transferprojections 15 a has been fully utilized for the formation of the set ofthree rotation transfer grooves 15 f on the third external barrel 15.More specifically, the major potion of each rotation transfer groove 15f is formed on an inner peripheral surface of the third external barrel15 so that the circumferential positions of the three rotation transfergrooves 15 f correspond to those of the three pairs of rotation transferprojections 15 a, respectively. In addition, the remaining rear endportion of each rotation transfer groove 15 f is elongated rearward inthe optical axis direction to be formed between opposed guide surfaces15 f-S (see FIG. 66) of the associated pair of rotation transferprojections 15 a.

No gaps or steps are formed in each rotation transfer groove 15 fbecause each rotation transfer groove 15 f is formed only on the thirdexternal barrel 15, not formed as a groove extending over the thirdexternal barrel 15 and the helicoid ring 18. Even if the relativerotational position between the third external barrel 15 and thehelicoid ring 18 slightly varies due to the clearance between each pairof rotation transfer projections 15 a and the associated rotationtransfer recess 18 d, the opposed guide surfaces 15 f-S of each rotationtransfer groove 15 f remain invariant in shape. Therefore, the set ofthree rotation transfer grooves 15 f are capable of guiding the set ofthree roller followers 32 smoothly in the optical axis direction at alltimes.

The set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f can be formed to havesufficient lengths in the optical axis direction by making most of thethree pairs of rotation transfer projections 15 a that project in theoptical axis direction, respectively. As shown in FIGS. 60 through 62, arange of movement D1 of the set of three roller followers 32 in theoptical axis direction (see FIG. 60) is greater than an axial length D2of an area on the inner peripheral surface of the third external barrel15 (except for the three pairs of rotation transfer projections 15 a) inthe optical axis direction on which grooves extending in the opticalaxis direction can be formed. Specifically, in the state shown in FIGS.60 and 64 in which the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state as shownin FIG. 10, each roller follower 32 has moved rearward to a point(retracted point) between the front and rear ends of the helicoid ring18 in the optical axis direction. However, since each pair of rotationtransfer projections 15 a extends rearward to a point corresponding tothe retracted point between the front and rear ends of the helicoid ring18 in the optical axis direction because the three pairs of rotationtransfer projections 15 a need to remain engaged in the three rotationtransfer recesses 18 d, respectively, the engagement of the set of threeroller followers 32 with the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 fis maintained even if the set of three roller followers 32 are movedrearward to the respective retracted points. Accordingly, the set ofthree roller followers 32 can be guided in the optical axis direction ina range of movement extending over the third external barrel 15 and thehelicoid ring 18 even if guiding portions (the set of three rotationtransfer grooves 15 f) which are engaged with the set of three rollerfollowers 32 (to guide the set of three roller followers 32) are formedonly on the third external barrel 15 of the rotatable barrel KZ.

Even though the circumferential groove 15 e intersects each rotationtransfer groove 15 f on the inner peripheral surface of the thirdexternal barrel 15, the circumferential groove 15 e does not deterioratethe guiding function of the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 fbecause the depth of the circumferential groove 15 e is smaller thanthat of each rotation transfer groove 15 f.

FIGS. 67 and 68 show a comparative example which is to be compared withthe above described structure shown mainly in FIGS. 64 through 66. Inthis comparative example, a front ring 15′ (which corresponds to thethird external barrel 15 of the present embodiment of the zoom lens) isprovided with a set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f′ (only oneof them is shown in FIGS. 67 and 68) extending linearly in the opticalaxis direction, while a rear ring 18′ (which corresponds to the helicoidring 18 of the present embodiment of the zoom lens) is provided with aset of three extension grooves 18 x extending linearly in the opticalaxis direction. A set of three roller followers 32′ (which correspondsto the set of three roller followers 32 of the present embodiment of thezoom lens 71) are engaged in the set of three rotation transfer grooves15 f′ or the set of three extension grooves 18 x so that each rollerfollower 32′ can move in the associated rotation transfer groove 15 f′and the associated extension groove 18 x in the optical axis direction.Namely, the set of three roller followers 32′ are respectively movablein a set of three grooves extending over the front ring 15′ and the rearring 18′. The front ring 15′ and the rear ring 18′ are engaged with eachother via a plurality of rotation transfer projections 15 a′ of thefront ring 15′ and a corresponding plurality of rotation transfergrooves 18 d′ of the rear ring 18′ in which the plurality of rotationtransfer projections 15 a′ are respectively engaged. The plurality ofrotation transfer projections 15 a′ are formed on a rear end surface ofthe front ring 15′ which faces a front surface of the rear ring 18′,while the plurality of rotation transfer grooves 18 d′ are formed on thefront surface of the rear ring 18′. There is a slight clearance betweenthe plurality of rotation transfer projections 15 a′ and the pluralityof rotation transfer grooves 18 d′ in a rotational direction (verticaldirection as viewed in FIG. 68). FIG. 67 shows a state where the set ofthree rotation transfer grooves 15 f′ and the set of three extensiongrooves 18 x are precisely aligned in the optical axis direction.

In the comparative example having the above described structure, in thestate shown in FIG. 67, if the front ring 18′ is rotated in a directionshown by an arrow AR1′ in FIG. 68 (downwards as viewed in FIGS. 67 and68) with respect to the rear ring 18′, the rear ring 18′ slightlyrotates in the same direction due to the aforementioned clearancebetween the plurality of rotation transfer projections 15 a′ and theplurality of rotation transfer grooves 18 d′. This causes a misalignmentbetween the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f′ and the set ofthree extension grooves 18 x. Therefore, in the state shown in FIG. 68,a gap is produced between a guide surface of each rotation transfergroove 15 f′ and a corresponding guide surface of the associatedextension groove 18 x. This gap may interfere with a movement of eachroller follower 32′ in the associated rotation transfer groove 15 f′ andthe associated extension groove 18 x in the optical axis direction,which cannot ensure a smooth movement of each roller follower 32′. Ifthe gap becomes large, each roller follower 32′ may not be able to movebetween the associated rotation transfer groove 15 f′ and the associatedextension groove 18 x across a border therebetween.

Supposing either the set of rotation transfer grooves 15 f′ or the setof extension grooves 18 x is omitted to prevent such an undesirable gapfrom being produced between a guide surface of each rotation transfergroove 15 f′ and a corresponding guide surface of the associatedextension groove 18 x, the other set of rotation transfer grooves 15 f′or extension grooves 18 x may need to be elongated in the optical axisdirection. Consequently, the length of either the front ring 15′ or therear ring 18′ in the optical axis direction will increase. For instance,if it is desired to omit the set of extension grooves 18 x, eachrotation transfer groove 15 f′ must be elongated forward by a lengthcorresponding to the length of each extension groove 18 x. Thisincreases the dimensions of the zoom lens, specifically the lengththereof.

In contrast to this comparative example, the present embodiment of thezoom lens, in which the three pairs of rotation transfer projections 15a that extend rearward in the optical axis direction are formed on thethird external barrel 15 as engaging portions thereof for engaging thethird external barrel 15 with the helicoid ring 18, has the advantagethat the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f are respectivelycapable of guiding the set of three roller followers 32 smoothly in theoptical axis direction at all times without any gaps being produced inthe set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f. Moreover, the presentembodiment of the zoom lens has the advantage that each rotationtransfer groove 15 f can be formed to have a sufficient effective lengthwithout the third external barrel 15 being elongated forward in theoptical axis direction.

Exerting a force to the set of three roller followers 32 in a directionto rotate the same about the lens barrel axis Z0 via the set of threerotation transfer grooves 15 f causes the cam ring 11 to rotate aboutthe lens barrel axis Z0 while rotating in the optical axis direction dueto engagement of the set of three roller followers 32 with the lead slotportions 14 e-3 of the set of three through-slots 14 e, respectively,when the zoom lens 71 is set in between the wide-angle extremity and theretracted position. When the zoom lens 71 is in the zooming range, thecam ring 11 rotates at the axial fixed position without moving in theoptical axis direction due to engagement of the set of three rollerfollowers 32 with the front circumferential slot portions 14 e-1 of theset of three through-slots 14 e, respectively. Since the cam ring 11rotates at the axial fixed position in the ready-to-photograph state ofthe zoom lens 71, the cam ring 11 must be positioned precisely at apredetermined position in the optical axis direction to insure opticalaccuracy of movable lens groups of the zoom lens 71 such as the firstlens group LG1 and the second lens group LG2. Although the position ofthe cam ring 11 in the optical axis direction when the cam ring 11rotates at the axial fixed position thereof is determined by theengagement of the set of three roller followers 32 with the frontcircumferential slot portions 14 e-1 of the set of three through-slots14 e, respectively, a clearance is provided between the set of threeroller followers 32 and the front circumferential slot portions 14 e-1so that the set of three roller followers 32 can smoothly move in thefront circumferential slot portions 14 e-1 of the set of threethrough-slots 14 e, respectively. Accordingly, it is necessary to removebacklash between the set of three roller followers 32 and the set ofthree through-slots 14 e which is caused by the clearance when the setof three roller followers 32 are engaged in the front circumferentialslot portions 14 e-1 of the set of three through-slots 14 e,respectively.

The follower-biasing ring spring 17 for removing the backlash ispositioned inside the third external barrel 15, and a structuresupporting the follower-biasing ring spring 17 is shown in FIGS. 33, 35,63 and 69 through 72. The frontmost inner flange 15 h is formed on thethird external barrel 15 to extend radially inwards from a front end ofthe inner peripheral surface of the third external barrel 15. As shownin FIG. 63, the follower-biasing ring spring 17 is a non-flat annularmember which is provided with a plurality of bends which are bent in theoptical axis direction to be resiliently deformable in the optical axisdirection. More specifically, the follower-biasing ring spring 17 isdisposed so that the set of three follower pressing protrusions 17 a arepositioned at the rear end of the follower-biasing ring spring 17 in theoptical axis direction. The follower-biasing ring spring 17 is providedwith a set of three forwardly-projecting arc portions 17 b which projectforward in the optical axis direction. The three forwardly-projectingarc portions 17 b and the three follower pressing protrusions 17 a arealternately arranged to form the follower-biasing ring spring 17 asshown in FIGS. 4, 14 and 63. The follower-biasing ring spring 17 isdisposed between the frontmost inner flange 15 h and the plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 15 d in a slightly compressed stateso as not to come off the third external barrel 15 from the insidethereof. If the set of three forwardly-projecting arc portions 17 b areinstalled between the frontmost inner flange 15 h and the plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 15 d with the set of three followerpressing protrusions 17 a and the set of three rotation transfer grooves15 f being aligned in the optical axis direction, the set of threefollower pressing protrusions 17 a are engaged in respective frontportions of the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f to besupported thereby. When the first linear guide ring 14 is not attachedto the third external barrel 15, each follower pressing protrusion 17 ais sufficiently apart from the frontmost inner flange 15 h of the thirdexternal barrel 15 in the optical axis direction as clearly shown inFIG. 72 to be movable to a certain degree in the associated rotationtransfer groove 15 f.

When the first linear guide ring 14 is attached to the third externalbarrel 15, the set of three forwardly-projecting arc portions 17 b ofthe follower-biasing ring spring 17 are deformed by being pressedforward, toward the frontmost inner flange 15 h, by the front end of thelinear guide ring 14 to make the shape of the set of threeforwardly-projecting arc portions 17 b become close to a flat shape.When the follower-biasing ring spring 17 is deformed in such a manner,the first linear guide ring 14 is biased rearward by the resiliency ofthe follower-biasing ring spring 17 to thereby fix the position of thefirst linear guide ring 14 with respect to the third external barrel 15in the optical axis direction. At this time, a front guide surface inthe circumferential groove 14 d of the first linear guide ring 14 ispressed against respective front surfaces of the plurality of relativerotation guide projections 15 d, while respective rear surfaces of thesecond plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 c are pressedagainst a rear guide surface in the circumferential groove 15 e of thethird external barrel 15 in the optical axis direction, as clearly shownin FIG. 69. At the same time, the front end of the first linear guidering 14 is positioned between the frontmost inner flange 15 h and theplurality of relative rotation guide projections 15 d in the opticalaxis direction, while front surfaces the set of threeforwardly-projecting arc portions 17 b of the follower-biasing ringspring 17 are not entirely in pressing contact with the frontmost innerflange 15 h. Therefore, when the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state,a slight space is secured between the set of three follower pressingprotrusions 17 a and the frontmost inner flange 15 h so that eachfollower pressing protrusion 17 a can move to a certain extent in theassociated rotation transfer groove 15 f in the optical axis direction.In addition, as shown in FIGS. 35 and 69, each follower pressingprotrusion 17 a which extends rearward that the tip thereof (rear endthereof in the optical axis direction) is positioned inside the frontcircumferential slot portion 14 e-1 of the associated radial slot 14.

In the state shown in FIGS. 60 and 64 in which the zoom lens 71 is inthe retracted state, the follower-biasing ring spring 17 do not contactwith any elements other than the first linear guide ring 14. At thistime, although engaged in the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15f, the set of three roller followers 32 stay away from the set of threefollower pressing protrusions 17 a, respectively, because each rollerfollower 32 is engaged in the associated rear circumferential slotportion 14 e-2 to be positioned in the vicinity of the rear end thereof.

Rotating the third external barrel 15 in the lens barrel advancingdirection (upwards as viewed in FIGS. 60 and 69) causes the set of threerotation transfer groove 15 f to push the set of three roller followers32 upwards as viewed in FIGS. 60 and 69, respectively, to move eachroller follower 32 in the associated through-slots 14 e from the rearcircumferential slot portion 14 e-2 to the inclined lead slot portion 14e-3. Since the inclined lead slot portion 14 e-3 of each through-slot 14e extends in a direction having both a component in a circumferentialdirection of the first linear guide ring 14 and a component in theoptical axis direction, each roller follower 32 gradually moves forwardin the optical axis direction as the roller follower 32 moves in theinclined lead slot portion 14 e-3 of the associated through-slot 14 etoward the front circumferential slot portion 14 e-1. However, as longas the roller follower 32 is in the inclined lead slot portion 14 e-3 ofthe associated through-slot 14 e, the roller follower 32 is still awayfrom the associated pressing protrusion 17 a. This means that the set ofthree roller followers 32 are not at all biased by the set of threefollower pressing protrusions 17 a, respectively. Nevertheless, nosubstantial problem arises even if backlash between the set of threeroller followers 32 and the set of three through-slots 14 e are removedthoroughly since the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state or thetransitional state from the retracted state to the ready-to-photographstate when each roller follower 32 is engaged in the rearcircumferential slot portion 14 e-2 or the inclined lead slot portion 14e-3 of the associated through-slot 14 e, respectively. If anything, theload on the zoom motor 150 decreases with decrease in frictionalresistance to each roller follower 32.

If the set of three roller followers 32 move from the inclined lead slotportions 14 e-3 of the set of three through-slots 14 e to the frontcircumferential slot portions 14 e-1 of the same, respectively, by afurther rotation of the third external barrel 15 in the lens barreladvancing direction, the first linear guide ring 14, the third externalbarrel 15 and the set of three roller followers 32 are positioned asshown in FIGS. 61 and 70 so that the zoom lens 71 is set at thewide-angle extremity. Since the tip of each follower pressing protrusion17 a is positioned inside the front circumferential slot portion 14 e-1of the associated radial slot 14 as described above, each rollerfollower 32 comes into contact with the associated follower pressingprotrusion 17 a upon entering the associated front circumferential slotportion 14 e-1 (see FIGS. 33, 61 and 70). This causes each followerpressing protrusion 17 a to be pressed forward in the optical axisdirection by the associated roller follower 32, thus causing thefollower-biasing ring spring 17 to be further deformed to make the shapeof the set of three forwardly-projecting arc portions 17 b become closerto a flat shape. At this time, each roller follower 32 is pressedagainst a rear guide surface in the associated front circumferentialslot portion 14 e-1 in the optical axis direction by the resiliency ofthe follower-biasing ring spring 17 to thereby remove backlash betweenthe set of three roller followers 32 and the set of three through-slots14 e, respectively.

Thereafter, even if the set of three roller followers 32 move in thefront circumferential slot portions 14 e-1 of the set of threethrough-slots 14 e during a zooming operation between the positionsshown in FIGS. 61 and 70 in which the zoom lens 71 is set at thewide-angle extremity and the positions shown in FIGS. 62 and 71 in whichthe zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremity, each roller follower32 remains in contact with the associated follower pressing protrusion17 a because each roller follower 32 does not move in the associatedrotation transfer groove 15 f in the optical axis direction when movingin the associated front circumferential slot portion 14 e-1 that extendonly in a circumferential direction of the first linear guide ring 14.Therefore, in the zooming range of the zoom lens 71 in whichphotographing is possible, the set of three roller followers 32 arealways biased rearward in the optical axis direction by the rollerspring 17, which achieves a stable positioning of the set of threeroller followers 32 with respect to the first linear guide ring 14.

Rotating the third external barrel 15 in the lens barrel retractingdirection causes the first linear guide ring 14 and the set of threeroller followers 32 to operate in the reverse manner to the abovedescribed operations. In this reverse operation, each roller follower 32is disengaged from the associated follower pressing protrusion 17 a uponpassing a point (wide-angle extremity point) in the associatedthrough-slot 14 e which corresponds to the wide-angle extremity of thezoom lens 71 (the position of each roller follower 32 in the associatedthrough-slot 14 e in FIG. 61). From the wide-angle extremity point downto a point (retracted point) in the associated through-slot 14 e whichcorresponds to the retracted position of the zoom lens 71 (the positionof each roller follower 32 in the associated through-slot 14 e in FIG.60), the set of three roller followers 32 receive no pressure from theset of three follower pressing protrusions 17 a, respectively. If theset of three follower pressing protrusions 17 a do not apply anypressure to the set of three roller followers 32, the frictionalresistance to each roller follower 32 becomes small when moving in theassociated through-slot 14 e. Consequently, the load on the zoom motor150 decreases with decrease in frictional resistance to each rollerfollower 32.

As can be understood from the above descriptions, the set of threefollower pressing protrusions 17 a, which are respectively fixed at thelocations of the set of three roller followers 32 in the optical axisdirection in the set of three rotation transfer grooves 15 f when thezoom lens 71 is in the ready-to-photograph state, automatically bias theset of three roller followers 32 rearward to press the set of threeroller followers 32 against rear guide surfaces of the frontcircumferential slot portions 14 e-1 of the set of three through-slots14 e immediately after the set of three roller followers 32 which areguided by the inclined lead slot portions 14 e-3 of the set of threethrough-slots 14 e to move forward in the optical axis direction reachtheir respective photographing positions in a rotatable range at anaxial fixed position (i.e., in the front circumferential slot portions14 e-1). With this structure, the backlash between the set of threeroller followers 32 and the set of three through-slots 14 e can beremoved by a simple structure using a single biasing member: thefollower-biasing ring spring 17. Moreover, the follower-biasing ringspring 17 consumes little space in the zoom lens 71 since thefollower-biasing ring spring 17 is a substantially simple annular memberdisposed along an inner peripheral surface and since the set of threefollower pressing protrusions 17 a are positioned in the set of threerotation transfer grooves 15 f, respectively. Accordingly, in spite ofits small and simple structure, the follower-biasing ring spring 17 cammake the cam ring 11 positioned precisely at a predetermined fixedposition in the optical axis direction with stability in theready-to-photograph state of the zoom lens 71. This insures opticalaccuracy of the photographing optical system such as the first lensgroup LG1 and the second lens group LG2. Furthermore, thefollower-biasing ring spring 17 can be removed easily because the set ofthree forwardly-projecting arc portions 17 b are simply held andsupported between the frontmost inner flange 15 h and the plurality ofrelative rotation guide projections 15 d.

The follower-biasing ring spring 17 has not only a function of biasingthe set of three roller followers 32 rearward in the optical axisdirection to position the cam ring 11 precisely with respect to thefirst linear guide ring 14 in the optical axis direction, but also afunction of biasing the first linear guide ring 14 rearward in theoptical axis direction to give stability to positioning of the firstlinear guide ring 14 with respect to the third external barrel 15 in theoptical axis direction. Although the second plurality of relativerotation guide projections 14 c and the circumferential groove 15 e areengaged with each other to be slightly movable relative to each other inthe optical axis direction while the plurality of relative rotationguide projections 15 d and the circumferential groove 14 d are engagedwith each other to be slightly movable relative to each other in theoptical axis direction as shown in FIGS. 69 through 72, both backlashbetween the second plurality of relative rotation guide projections 14 cand the circumferential groove 15 e and backlash between the pluralityof relative rotation guide projections 15 d and the circumferentialgroove 14 d are removed since the front end of the first linear guidering 14 contacts with the follower-biasing ring spring 17 to be biasedrearward in the optical axis direction by the follower-biasing ringspring 17. Accordingly, in the case where three annular members: the camring 11, the first linear guide ring 14 and the third external barrel 15are regarded as a rotating-advancing/rotating-retracting unit, all thedifferent backlashes arising in this wholerotating-advancing/rotating-retracting unit can be removed by a singlebiasing member: the follower-biasing ring spring 17. This achieves aquite simple backlash removing structure.

FIGS. 73 through 75 show elements of a linear guide structure in sectionwhich guides the first external barrel 12 (which supports the first lensgroup LG1) and the second lens group moving frame 8 (which supports thesecond lens group LG2) linearly in the optical axis direction withoutrotating each of the first external barrel 12 and the second lens groupmoving frame 8 about the lens barrel axis Z0. FIGS. 76 through 78 showthe elements of the linear guide structure in oblique perspective. FIGS.73, 74 and 75 show the linear guide structure when the zoom lens 71 isset at the wide-angle extremity, when the zoom lens 71 is set at thetelephoto extremity, and when the zoom lens 71 is in the retractedstate, respectively. In each of the cross sectional views in FIGS. 73through 75, the elements of the linear guide structure are crosshatchedfor the purpose of illustration. In addition, in each of the crosssectional views in FIGS. 73 through 75, among all the rotatable elementsonly the cam ring is crosshatched by dashed lines for the purpose ofillustration.

The cam ring 11 is a double-side grooved cam ring that is provided on anouter peripheral surface thereof with the set of three outer cam grooves11 b for moving the first external barrel 12 in a predetermined movingmanner, and that is provided on an inner peripheral surface of the camring 11 with the plurality of inner cam grooves 11 a (11 a-1 and 11 a-2)for moving the second lens group moving frame 8 in a predeterminedmoving manner. Accordingly, the first external barrel 12 is positionedradially outside the cam ring 11 while the second lens group movingframe 8 is positioned radially inside the cam ring 11. On the otherhand, the first linear guide ring 14, which is adopted for guiding eachof the first external barrel 12 and the second lens group moving frame 8linearly without rotating each of the first external barrel 12 and thesecond lens group moving frame 8 about the lens barrel axis Z0, ispositioned radially outside the cam ring 11.

In this linear guide structure having the above described positionalrelationship among the first linear guide ring 14, the first externalbarrel 12 and the second lens group moving frame 8, the first linearguide ring 14 directly guides the second external barrel 13 (whichserves as a linear guide member for guiding the first external barrel 12linearly in the optical axis direction without rotating the same aboutthe lens barrel axis Z0) and the second linear guide ring 10 (whichserves as a linear guide member for guiding the second lens group movingframe 8 linearly in the optical axis direction without rotating the sameabout the lens barrel axis Z0) linearly in the optical axis directionwithout rotating the same about the lens barrel axis Z0. The secondexternal barrel 13 is positioned radially between the cam ring 11 andthe first linear guide ring 14, and guided linearly in the optical axisdirection without rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0 by engagementof the set of six radial projections 13 a, which are formed on an outerperipheral surface of the second external barrel 13, with the set of sixsecond linear guide grooves 14 g, respectively. Moreover, the secondexternal barrel 13 guides the first external barrel 12 linearly in theoptical axis direction without rotating the same about the lens barrelaxis Z0 by engagement of the set of three linear guide grooves 13 b,which are formed on an inner peripheral surface of the second externalbarrel 13, with the set of three engaging protrusions 12 a of the firstexternal barrel 12, respectively. On the other hand, as for the secondlinear guide ring 10, to make the first linear guide ring 14 guide thesecond lens group moving frame 8 that is positioned inside the cam ring11, the ring portion 10 b is positioned behind the cam ring 11, the setof three bifurcated projections 10 a are formed to project radiallyoutwards from the ring portion 10 b to be respectively engaged in theset of three pairs of first linear guide grooves 14 f, and the set ofthree linear guide keys 10 c are formed to project forward from the ringportion 10 b in the optical axis direction to be respectively engaged inthe set of three guide grooves 8 a.

In the case of a linear guide structure having conditions similar toconditions of the linear guide structure shown in FIGS. 73 through 75that two linearly guided outer and inner movable elements (the firstexternal barrel 12 and the second lens group moving frame 8) arerespectively positioned outside and inside a double-side grooved camring (the cam ring 11) and that a primary linear guide member (the firstlinear guide ring 14) of the linear guide structure is positionedoutside the cam ring, a secondary linear guide member serving as theouter movable element (which corresponds to the second external barrel13) is disposed outside the cam ring, while a linearly guided movablemember (which corresponds to the first external barrel 12) which isguided linearly in the optical axis direction without rotating by thesecondary linear guide member is provided with a set of linear guideportions for guiding a movable member serving as the inner movableelement (which corresponds to the second lens group moving frame 8)positioned inside the cam ring linearly in the optical axis directionwithout rotating the same in a conventional zoom lens. In other words,in the linear guide structure of such a conventional zoom lens, each ofthe aforementioned set of linear guide portions of the outer movableelement extend radially inwards from the outside of the cam ring to theinside of the cam ring to be engaged with the inner movable elementthrough a single path. According to this type of conventional linearguide structure, the resistance produced due to linear guidingoperations of the outer and inner movable elements of the linear guidestructure increases when a relative velocity in the optical axisdirection between the two linearly guided movable elements that arerespectively positioned outside and inside the cam ring is fast. Inaddition, since the inner movable element is indirectly guided linearlyin the optical axis direction without rotating via the outer movableelement, the inner movable element, in particular, is difficult to beguided linearly in the optical axis direction without rotating with ahigh degree of travel accuracy.

In contrast to such a conventional linear guide structure, according tothe linear guide structure of the zoom lens 71 shown in FIGS. 73 through75, the aforementioned resistance problem can be prevented fromoccurring by the structure wherein the second external barrel 13, whichserves as a linear guide member for guiding the first external barrel 12(positioned outside the cam ring 11) linearly in the optical axisdirection without rotating the same about the lens barrel axis Z0, isengaged with the set of six second linear guide grooves 14 g while thesecond linear guide ring 10, which serves as a linear guide member forguiding the second lens group moving frame 8 (positioned inside the camring 11) linearly in the optical axis direction without rotating thesame about the lens barrel axis Z0, is engaged with the set of threepairs of first linear guide grooves 14 f so that the second externalbarrel 13 and the second linear guide ring 10 are directly guided by thefirst linear guide ring 14 through two paths: a first path (inner path)extending from the set of three pairs of first linear guide grooves 14 fto the set of three bifurcated projections 10 a and a second path (outerpath) extending from the set of six second linear guide grooves 14 g tothe set of six radial projections 13 a. Moreover, the first linear guidering 14 that directly guides each of the second linear guide ring 10 andthe second external barrel 13 linearly at the same time is, in effect,reinforced by the second linear guide ring 10 and the second externalbarrel 13. This structure makes it easy for the linear guide structureto secure sufficient strength.

Furthermore, each pair of first linear guide grooves 14 f, which areadopted for guiding the second linear guide ring 10 linearly in theoptical axis direction without rotating the same about the lens barrelaxis Z0, are formed by using two opposed side walls between which theassociated second linear guide groove 14 g is formed. This structure isadvantageous to make the linear guide structure simple, and does notimpair the strength of the first linear guide ring 14 very much.

The relationship between the cam ring 11 and the second lens groupmoving frame 8 will be hereinafter discussed in detail. As describedabove, the plurality of inner cam grooves 11 a, which are formed on aninner peripheral surface of the cam ring 11, consist of the set of threefront inner cam grooves 11 a-1 that are formed at differentcircumferential positions, and the set of three rear inner cam grooves11 a-2 that are formed at different circumferential positions behind theset of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1 in the optical axisdirection. Each rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 is formed as adiscontinuous cam groove as shown in FIG. 17. All the six cam grooves ofthe cam ring 11: the set of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1 and theset of three rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2 trace six reference camdiagrams “VT” having the same shape and size, respectively. Eachreference cam diagram VT represents the shape of each cam groove of theset of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1 and the set of three rearinner cam grooves 11 a-2, and includes a lens-barrel operating sectionand a lens-barrel assembling/disassembling section, wherein thelens-barrel operating section consists of a zooming section and alens-barrel retracting section. The lens-barrel operating section servesas a control section which controls movement of the second lens groupmoving frame 8 with respect to the cam ring 11, and which is to bedistinguished from the lens-barrel assembling/disassembling section thatis used only when the zoom lens 71 is assembled or disassembled. Thezooming section serves as a control section which controls the movementof the second lens group moving frame 8 with respect to the cam ring 11,especially from a position of the second lens group moving frame 8 whichcorresponds to the wide-angle extremity of the zoom lens 71 to anotherposition of the second lens group moving frame 8 which corresponds tothe telephoto extremity of the zoom lens 71, and which is to bedistinguished from the lens-barrel retracting section. If each frontinner cam groove 11 a-1 and the rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 positionedtherebehind in the optical axis direction are regarded as a pair, it canbe said that the cam ring 11 is provided, at regular intervals in acircumferential direction of the cam ring 11, with three pairs of innercam grooves 11 a for guiding the second lens group LG2.

As can be seen in FIG. 17, the length of an axial range W1 of thereference cam diagrams VT of the set of three front inner cam grooves 11a-1 in the optical axis direction (the horizontal direction as viewed inFIG. 17), which is equivalent to an axial range of the reference camdiagrams VT of the set of three rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2 in theoptical axis direction, is greater than a length W2 of the cam ring 11in the optical axis direction. The length of the zooming sectionincluded in the axial range W1 of the reference cam diagrams VT of theset of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1 (or the rear inner camgrooves 11 a-2) in the optical axis direction is represented by a lengthW3 shown in FIG. 17 which is alone substantially equivalent to thelength W2 of the cam ring 11. This means that a set of cam grooves eachhaving a sufficient length will not be obtained for the presentembodiment of the cam ring 11 if designed according to a conventionalmethod of formation of cam groove wherein a set of long cam grooveswhich entirely trace a corresponding set of long cam diagrams are formedon a peripheral surface of a cam ring. According to a cam mechanism ofthe present embodiment of the zoom lens, a sufficient range of movementof the second lens group moving frame 8 in the optical axis directioncan be secured without increasing the length of the cam ring 11 in theoptical axis direction. The detail of this cam mechanism will bediscussed hereinafter.

Each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 does not cover the entire range ofthe associated reference cam diagram VT while each rear inner cam groove11 a-2 does not cover the entire range of the associated reference camdiagram VT either. A range of each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 whichis included in the associated reference cam diagram VT is partlydifferent from a range of each rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 which isincluded in the associated reference cam diagram VT. Each reference camdiagram VT can be roughly divided into four sections: first throughfourth sections VT1 through VT4. The first section VT1 extends in theoptical axis direction. The second section VT2 extends from a firstinflection point VTh positioned at the rear end of the first section VT1to a second inflection point VTm positioned behind the first inflectionpoint VTh in the optical axis direction. The third section VT3 extendsfrom the second inflection point VTm to a third inflection point VTnpositioned in front of the second inflection point VTm in the opticalaxis direction. The fourth section VT4 extends from the third inflectionpoint VTn. The fourth section VT4 is used only when the zoom lens 71 isassembled or disassembled, and is included in both each front inner camgroove 11 a-1 and each rear inner cam groove 11 a-2. Each front innercam groove 11 a-1 is formed in the vicinity of the front end of the camring 11 not to include the entire part of the first section VT1 and apart of the second section VT2, and is formed to include a front endopening R1 at an intermediate point of the second section VT2 so thatthe front end opening R1 opens on a front end surface of the cam ring11. On the other hand, each rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 is formed inthe vicinity of the rear end of the cam ring 11 not to include adjoiningportions of the second section VT2 and the third section VT3 on oppositesides of the second inflection point VTm. In addition, each rear innercam groove 11 a-2 is formed to include a front end opening R4 (whichcorresponds to the aforementioned front open end section 11 a-2 x) atthe front end of the first section VT1 so that the front end opening R4opens on a front end surface of the cam ring 11. A missing portion ofeach front inner cam groove 11 a-1 which lies on the associatedreference cam diagram VT is included in the associated rear inner camgroove 11 a-2 that is positioned behind the front inner cam groove 11a-1 in the optical axis direction, whereas a missing portion of eachrear inner cam groove 11 a-2 which lies on the associated reference camdiagram VT is included in the associated front inner cam groove 11 a-1that is positioned in front of the rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 in theoptical axis direction. Namely, if each front inner cam groove 11 a-1and the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 are combined into asingle cam groove, this signal cam groove will include the entire partof one reference cam diagram VT. In other words, one of each front innercam groove 11 a-1 and the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 iscomplemented by the other. The width of each front inner cam groove 11a-1 and the width of each rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 are the same.

Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 19, the plurality of cam followers 8 b,which are respectively engaged in the plurality of inner cam grooves 11a, consist of the set of three front cam followers 8 b-1 that are formedat different circumferential positions, and the set of three rear camfollowers 8 b-2 that are formed at different circumferential positionsbehind the set of three front cam followers 8 b-1 in the optical axisdirection, wherein each front cam follower 8 b-1 and the rear camfollower 8 b-2 positioned therebehind in the optical axis direction areprovided as a pair in a manner similar to each pair of inner cam grooves11 a. The space between the set of three front cam followers 8 b-1 andthe set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 in the optical axis directionis determined so that the set of three front cam followers 8 b-1 arerespectively engaged in the set of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1and so that the set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 are respectivelyengaged in the set of three rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2. The diameterof each front cam follower 8 b-1 and the diameter of each rear camfollower 8 b-2 are the same.

FIG. 79 shows the positional relationship between the plurality of innercam grooves 11 a and the plurality of cam followers 8 b when the zoomlens 71 is the retracted state as shown in FIG. 10. When the zoom lens71 is the retracted state, each front cam follower 8 b-1 is positionedin the associated front inner cam groove 11 a-1 in the vicinity of thethird inflection point VTn thereof while each rear cam follower 8 b-2 ispositioned in the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 in thevicinity of the third inflection point VTn thereof. Since each frontinner cam groove 11 a-1 includes a portion thereof in the vicinity ofthe third inflection point VTn while each rear inner cam groove 11 a-2includes a portion thereof in the vicinity of the third inflection pointVTn, each front cam follower 8 b-1 and each rear cam follower 8 b-2 areengaged in the associated front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and theassociated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2, respectively.

Rotating the cam ring 11 in the lens barrel advancing direction (upwardsas viewed in FIG. 79) in the retracted state shown in FIG. 79 causeseach front cam follower 8 b-1 and each rear cam follower 8 b-2 to beguided rearward in the optical axis direction to move on the thirdsection VT3 toward the second inflection point VTm by the associatedfront inner cam groove 11 a-1 and the associated rear inner cam groove11 a-2, respectively. In the middle of this movement of each camfollower 8 b, each rear cam follower 8 b-2 is disengaged from theassociated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 through a first rear end openingR3 thereof which opens on a rear end surface of the cam ring 11 becauseeach rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 does not include adjoining portions ofthe second section VT2 and the third section VT3 on opposite sides ofthe second inflection point VTm. At this time, each front cam follower 8b-1 remains engaged in the associated front inner cam groove 11 a-1since each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 includes a rear portion thereofin the optical axis direction which corresponds to the missing rearportion of each rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 in the optical axisdirection. On or after each rear cam follower 8 b-2 being disengagedfrom the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 through the first rearend opening R3 thereof, the second lens group moving frame 8 moves inthe optical axis direction by rotation of the cam ring 11 only due toengagement of each front cam follower 8 b-1 with the associated frontinner cam groove 11 a-1.

FIG. 80 shows the positional relationship between the plurality of innercam grooves 11 a and the plurality of cam followers 8 b when the zoomlens 71 is in the state shown below the photographing lens axis Z1 inFIG. 9 in which the zoom lens 71 is set at the wide-angle extremity. Inthis state shown below the photographing lens axis Z1 in FIG. 9, eachfront cam follower 8 b-1 is positioned in the second section VT2slightly beyond the second inflection point VTm. Although each rear camfollower 8 b-2 is currently disengaged from the associated rear innercam groove 11 a-2 through the first rear end opening R3 thereof asdescribed above, each rear cam follower 8 b-2 remains positioned on theassociated reference cam diagram VT because the associated front camfollower 8 b-1 positioned in front of the rear cam follower 8 b-2remains engaged in the associated front inner cam groove 11 a-1.

Rotating the cam ring 11 in the lens barrel advancing direction (upwardas viewed in FIG. 80) in the state shown in FIG. 80, in which the zoomlens 71 is set at the wide-angle extremity, causes each front camfollower 8 b-1 to be guided forward in the optical axis direction tomove on the second section VT2 toward the first section VT1 by theassociated front inner cam groove 11 a-1. With this forward movement ofeach front cam follower 8 b-1, each rear cam follower 8 b-2 which iscurrently disengaged from the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2moves on the second section VT2 toward the first section VT1, andshortly enters a second rear end opening R2 formed on a rear end surfaceof the cam ring 11 to be re-engaged in the associated rear inner camgroove 11 a-2. On or after this re-engagement of each rear cam follower8 b-2 with the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2, each front camfollower 8 b-1 and each rear cam follower 8 b-2 are guided by theassociated front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and the associated rear innercam groove 11 a-2, respectively. However, a shortly after there-engagement of each rear cam follower 8 b-2 with the associated rearinner cam groove 11 a-2, each front cam follower 8 b-1 is disengagedfrom the associated front inner cam groove 11 a-1 through the front endopening R1 because a front end portion of each front inner cam groove 11a-1 which lies on the associated reference cam diagram VT is missing. Atthis time, each rear cam follower 8 b-2 remains engaged in theassociated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 since each rear inner cam groove11 a-2 includes a front end portion thereof in the optical axisdirection which corresponds to the missing front end portion of eachfront inner cam groove 11 a-1 in the optical axis direction. On or aftereach front cam follower 8 b-1 being disengaged from the associated frontinner cam groove 11 a-1 through the front end opening R1 thereof, thesecond lens group moving frame 8 moves in the optical axis direction byrotation of the cam ring 11 only due to engagement of each rear camfollower 8 b-2 with the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2.

FIG. 81 shows the positional relationship between the plurality of innercam grooves 11 a and the plurality of cam followers 8 b when the zoomlens 71 is in the state shown above the photographing lens axis Z1 inFIG. 9 in which the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremity. Inthis state shown above the photographing lens axis Z1 in FIG. 9, eachfront cam follower 8 b-1 is positioned in the second section VT2 in thevicinity of the first inflection point VTh. Although each front camfollower 8 b-1 is currently disengaged from the associated front innercam groove 11 a-1 through the front end opening R1 thereof as describedabove, each front cam follower 8 b-1 remains on the associated referencecam diagram VT because the associated rear cam follower 8 b-2 positionedbehind the front cam follower 8 b-1 remains engaged in the associatedrear inner cam groove 11 a-2.

Further rotating the cam ring 11 in the lens barrel advancing direction(upward as viewed in FIG. 81) in the state shown in FIG. 81, in whichthe zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremity, causes each rear camfollower 8 b-2 to enter the first section VT1 via the first inflectionpoint VTh as shown in FIG. 82. At this time, each front cam follower 8b-1 has been disengaged from the associated front inner cam groove 11a-1, and merely each rear cam follower 8 b-2 is engaged in a front endportion (the first section VT1) of the associated rear inner cam groove11 a-2 which extends in the optical axis direction, so that the secondlens group moving frame 8 can be removed from the cam ring 11 from thefront thereof in the optical axis direction to remove each rear camfollower 8 b-2 from the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 via thefront end opening R4. Accordingly, FIG. 82 shows a state where the camring 11 and the second lens group moving frame 8 are put together orremoved from each other.

As described above, in the present embodiment of the zoom lens, eachpair of cam grooves having the same reference cam diagram VT, i.e., eachfront inner cam groove 11 a-1 and the associated rear inner cam groove11 a-2 are formed at different points in the optical axis direction onthe cam ring 11; moreover, each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and theassociated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 are formed so that one end ofthe front inner cam groove 11 a-1 opens on a front end surface of thecam ring 11 without the front inner cam groove 11 a-1 including theentire part of the associated reference cam diagram VT and so that oneend of the rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 opens on a rear end surface ofthe cam ring 11 without the rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 including theentire part of the associated reference cam diagram VT; and furthermore,one of the front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and the rear inner cam groove11 a-2 is complemented by the other to include the entire part of onereference cam diagram VT. In addition, only each rear cam follower 8 b-2is engaged in the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 when thesecond lens group moving frame 8 is positioned at a front limit for theaxial movement thereof with respect to the cam ring 11 (whichcorresponds to the state shown above the photographing lens axis Z1 inFIG. 9 in which the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephoto extremity),while only each front cam follower 8 b-1 is engaged in the associatedfront inner cam groove 11 a-1 when the second lens group moving frame 8is positioned at a rear limit for the axial movement thereof withrespect to the cam ring 11 (which corresponds to a state shown below thephotographing lens axis Z1 in FIG. 9 in which the zoom lens 71 is set atthe wide-angle extremity). With this structure, a sufficient range ofmovement of the second lens group moving frame 8 in the optical axisdirection which is greater than the range of movement of the cam ring 11in the optical axis direction is achieved. Namely, the length of the camring 11 in the optical axis direction can be reduced without sacrificingthe range of movement of the second lens group moving frame 8, whichsupports the second lens group LG2 via the second lens frame 6, in theoptical axis direction.

In a typical cam mechanism having a rotatable cam ring on which a set ofcam grooves are formed and a driven member having a set of cam followerswhich are respectively engaged in the set of cam grooves, the amount ofmovement of each cam follower per unit of rotation of the cam ringdecreases to thereby make it possible to move the driven member with ahigher degree of positioning accuracy by rotation of the cam ring as thedegree of inclination of each cam groove on the cam ring relative to therotational direction of the cam ring becomes small, i.e., as thedirection of extension of each cam groove becomes close to acircumferential direction of the cam ring. In addition, the degree ofresistance to the cam ring when it rotates becomes smaller to therebymake the driving torque for rotating the cam ring smaller as the degreeof inclination of each cam groove on the cam ring relative to therotational direction of the cam ring becomes small. A reduction of thedriving torque results in an increase in durability of elements of thecam mechanism and a decrease in power consumption of the motor fordriving the cam ring, and makes it possible to adopt a small motor fordriving the cam ring to downsize the lens barrel. Although it is knownthat the actual contours of the cam grooves are determined inconsideration of various factors such as the effective area of an outeror inner peripheral surface of the cam ring and the maximum angle ofrotation of the cam ring, it is generally the case that the cam grooveshave the above described tendencies.

As described above, it can be said that the cam ring 11 is provided, atregular intervals in a circumferential direction of the cam ring 11,with three pairs (groups) of inner cam grooves 11 a for guiding thesecond lens group LG2 if each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and the rearinner cam groove 11 a-2 positioned therebehind in the optical axisdirection are regarded as a pair (group). Similarly, it can be said thatthe second lens group moving frame 8 is provided, at regular intervalsin a circumferential direction thereof, with three pairs (groups) of camfollowers 8 b if each front rear cam follower 8 b-1 and the rear camfollower 8 b-2, positioned therebehind in the optical axis direction,are regarded as a pair (group). As for the reference cam diagrams VT ofthe plurality of inner cam grooves 11 a, provided only three of thereference cam diagrams VT are to be arranged on an inner peripheralsurface of the cam ring 11 along a line thereon extending in acircumferential direction of the cam ring 11, the three reference camdiagrams VT will not interfere with one another on the inner peripheralsurface of the cam ring 11 though each reference cam diagram VT has anundulating shape. However, in the present embodiment of the zoom lens,in order to shorten the length of the cam ring 11 in the optical axisdirection to thereby minimize the length of the zoom lens 71, sixreference cam diagrams VT need to be arranged on the inner peripheralsurface of the cam ring 11 in total because the set of three front innercam grooves 11 a-1 and the corresponding set of three rear cam grooves(three discontinuous rear cam grooves) 11 a-2, six cam grooves in total,need to be formed separately on front and rear portions on the innerperipheral surface of the cam ring 11 in the optical axis direction,respectively. Although each of the six inner cam grooves 11 a-1 and 11a-2 is shorter than the reference cam diagram VT, it is generally thecase that the space for the inner cam grooves 11 a-1 and 11 a-2 on thecam ring 11 becomes tighter as the number of the cam grooves is great.Therefore, if the number of the cam grooves is great, it is difficult toform the cam grooves on the cam ring without making the cam groovesinterfering with each other. To prevent this problem from occurring, ithas been conventionally practiced to increase the degree of inclinationof each cam groove relative to the rotational direction of the cam ring(i.e., to make the direction of extension of each cam groove close to acircumferential direction of the cam ring) or to increase the diameterof the cam ring to enlarge the area of a peripheral surface of the camring on which the cam grooves are formed. However, increasing the degreeof inclination of each cam groove is not desirable in terms of theattainment of a high degree of positioning accuracy in driving a drivenmember driven by the cam ring and also a saving in the driving torquefor rotating the cam ring, and increasing the diameter of the cam ringis not desirable either because the zoom lens will be increased in size.

In contrast to such conventional practices, according to the presentembodiment of the zoom lens, the inventor of the present invention hasfound the fact that a substantial performance characteristics of the cammechanism is maintained even if each front inner cam groove 11 a-1intersects one of the set of three rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2, aslong as the reference cam diagrams VT of the six inner cam grooves 11 a(11 a-1 and 11 a-2) are the same while one cam follower of each pair ofcam followers (each front cam follower 8 b-1 and the associated rear camfollower 8 b-2) remains engaged in the associated inner cam groove 11a-1 or 11 a-2 at the moment at which the other cam follower 8 b-1 or 8b-2 passes through a point of intersection between the front inner camgroove 11 a-1 and the rear inner cam groove 11 a-2. On the basis of thisfact, each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and adjacent one of the set ofthree rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2, which are adjacent to each other ina circumferential direction of the cam ring 11, are formed to intersecteach other intentionally without changing the shape of each referencecam diagram VT and without increasing the diameter of the cam ring 11.More specifically, if the three pairs of inner cam grooves 11 a arerespectively treated as a first pair of cam grooves G1, a second pair ofcam grooves G2 and a third pair of cam grooves G3 as shown in FIG. 17,the front inner cam groove 11 a-1 of the first pair G1 and the rearinner cam groove 11 a-2 of the second pair G2, which are adjacent toeach other in a circumferential direction of the cam ring 11, intersecteach other, the first inner cam groove 11 a-1 of the second pair G2 andthe rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 of the third pair G3, which areadjacent to each other in a circumferential direction of the cam ring11, intersect each other, and the front inner cam groove 11 a-1 of thethird pair G3 and the rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 of the first pair G1,which are adjacent to each other in a circumferential direction of thecam ring 11, intersect each other.

To make one cam follower of each pair of cam followers. (each front camfollower 8 b-1 and the associated rear cam follower 8 b-2) remainproperly engaged in the associated inner cam groove 11 a-1 or 11 a-2 atthe moment at which the other cam follower 8 b-1 or 8 b-2 passes throughthe point of intersection between the front inner cam groove 11 a-1 andthe rear inner cam groove 11 a-2, the front inner cam groove 11 a-1 andthe rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 of each pair of the first through thirdpairs of cam grooves G1, G2 and G3 are formed not only at differentaxial positions in the optical axis direction but also at differentcircumferential positions in a circumferential direction of the cam ring11. The positional difference in a circumferential direction of the camring 11 between the front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and the rear inner camgroove 11 a-2 of each pair of the first through third pairs of camgrooves G1, G2 and G3 is indicated by “HJ” in FIG. 17. This positionaldifference HJ changes the point of intersection between the front innercam groove 11 a-1 and the rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 in acircumferential direction of the cam ring 11. Consequently, in each pairof the first through third pairs of cam grooves G1, G2 and G3, the pointof intersection is positioned in the vicinity of the second inflectionpoint VTm on the third section VT3 of the front inner cam groove 11 a-1,and also in the vicinity of the first inflection point VTh the front endopening R4 (the front open end section 11 a-2 x) at the front end of thefirst section VT1.

As can be understood from the above descriptions, at the moment at whichthe set of three front cam followers 8 b-1 pass through the points ofintersection in the set of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1, the setof three rear cam followers 8 b-2 remain engaged in the set of threerear inner cam grooves 11 a-2 so that the set of three front camfollowers 8 b-1 can pass through the points of intersection withoutbeing disengaged from the set of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1,respectively (see FIG. 83), by forming the set of three front inner camgrooves 11 a-1 and the corresponding set of three rear inner cam grooves11 a-2 in the above described manner. Although each front inner camgroove 11 a-1 has the point of intersection therein between the zoomingsection and the lens-barrel retracting section, i.e. in the lens-barreloperating section, the lens barrel 71 can securely be advanced andretracted with the cam ring 11 regardless of the existence of a sectionof each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 which includes the point ofintersection therein.

Although each front cam follower 8 b-1 is already disengaged from theassociated front inner cam groove 11 a-1 when each rear cam follower 8b-2 reaches the point of intersection in the rear inner cam groove 11a-2 as shown in FIG. 82, this point of intersection is positioned in thelens-barrel assembling/disassembling section, i.e., out of thelens-barrel operating section, so that each rear cam follower 8 b-2 isnot in a state where it receives torque from the cam ring 11.Accordingly, as for the set of three rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2, apossibility of each rear cam follower 8 b-2 being disengaged from theassociated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 at the point of intersectiontherein does not have to be taken into consideration when the zoom lens71 is in the ready-to-photograph state.

The point of intersection in each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 is in asection thereof through which the associated front cam follower 8 b-1passes between a state shown in FIG. 79 in which the zoom lens 71 is inthe retracted state and a state shown in FIG. 80 in which the zoom lens71 is in the wide-angle extremity, while the point of intersection ineach rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 is in the lens-barrelassembling/disassembling section as described above. Therefore, eithereach front inner cam groove 11 a-1 or each rear inner cam groove 11 a-2does not have the point of intersection therein in the zooming rangebetween the wide-angle extremity and the telephoto extremity. This makesit possible to insure a high degree of positioning accuracy in drivingthe second lens group LG2 during a zooming operation of the zoom lens 71regardless of the existence of the point of intersection between camgrooves.

Namely, the timing of engagement or disengagement of each cam followerin or from the associated cam groove can be varied by adjusting theaforementioned positional difference b. Moreover, the point ofintersection between two cam grooves (11 a-1 and 11 a-2) can bepositioned in an appropriate section therein which does not affect anyadverse effect on a zooming operation by adjusting the aforementionedpositional difference b.

As can be understood from the above descriptions, in the presentembodiment of the zoom lens, each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and eachrear inner cam groove 11 a-2 are successfully arranged on the innerperipheral surface of the cam ring 11 in a space-saving fashion withoutdeteriorating the positioning accuracy in driving the second lens groupLG2 by making each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and adjacent one of theset of three rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2, which are adjacent to eachother in a circumferential direction of the cam ring 11, intersect eachother intentionally and further by forming each front inner cam groove11 a-1 and the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 not only atdifferent axial positions in the optical axis direction but also atdifferent circumferential positions in a circumferential direction ofthe cam ring 11. Accordingly, not only the length of the cam ring 11 inthe optical axis direction but also the diameter of the cam ring 11 canbe reduced.

The second lens group moving frame 8 is movable in the optical axisdirection by a comparatively great amount of movement as compared withthe length of the zoom lens by the above described structure of the camring 11. However, it is conventionally the case that it is difficult toguide such a moving member the moving range of which is great linearlyin a direction of an optical axis without rotating the moving memberabout the optical axis by a small linear guide structure. In the presentembodiment of the zoom lens, the second lens group moving frame 8 can beguided linearly in the optical axis direction without rotating about thelens barrel axis Z0 with reliability, without increasing the size of thesecond lens group moving frame 8.

As can be seen from FIGS. 73 through 75 and 79 through 82, the secondlinear guide ring 10 does not move in the optical axis directionrelative to the cam ring 11. This is because the discontinuous outeredge of the ring portion 10 b of the second linear guide ring 10 isengaged in the discontinuous circumferential groove 11 e of the cam ring11 to be rotatable about the lens barrel axis Z0 relative to the camring 11 and to be immovable relative to the cam ring 11 in the opticalaxis direction. On the other hand, in the operating range of the zoomlens 71 from the retracted position to the telephoto extremity via thewide-angle extremity, the second lens group moving frame 8 is positionedat the rear limit for the axial movement thereof with respect to the camring 11 when the zoom lens 71 is set at a focal length in the vicinityof the wide-angle extremity, while the second lens group moving frame 8is positioned at the front limit for the axial movement thereof withrespect to the cam ring 11 when the zoom lens 71 is set at the telephotoextremity. More specifically, the second lens group moving frame 8 ispositioned at the rear limit for the axial movement thereof with respectto the cam ring 11 when each front cam follower 8 b-1 and each rear camfollower 8 b-2 are positioned on the second inflection point VTm of theassociated front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and the second inflection pointVTm of the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2, respectively,namely, when each front cam follower 8 b-1 and each rear cam follower 8b-2 are each positioned in close vicinity of its wide-angle positionbetween this wide-angle position and its retracted position.

As for the second linear guide ring 10, the set of three linear guidekeys 10 c project forward in the optical axis direction from the ringportion 10 b, whereas the rear end of the second lens group moving frame8 projects rearward, beyond the ring portion 10 b of the second linearguide ring 10, when the zoom lens 71 is set at the wide-angle extremityas shown in FIGS. 73 and 80. To allow the second lens group moving frame8 having such a structure to move in the optical axis direction withrespect to the second linear guide ring 10, the ring portion 10 b of thesecond linear guide ring 10 is provided with a central aperture 10 b-T(see FIG. 88) which has a diameter allowing the second lens group movingframe 8 to pass therethrough. The set of three linear guide keys 10 care positioned to project forward through the central aperture 10 b-T.In other words, the set of three linear guide keys 10 c are formed onthe second linear guide ring 10 at radial positions not interfering withthe ring portion 10 b. Front and rear ends of each guide groove 8 a thatis formed on the second lens group moving frame 8 are open on front andrear end surfaces of the second lens group moving frame 8 so that theassociated linear guide key 10 c can project forward and rearward fromthe front and the rear of the second lens group moving frame 8,respectively.

Therefore, the second lens group moving frame 8 does not interfere withthe ring portion 10 b of the second linear guide ring 10 wherever thesecond lens group moving frame 8 is positioned relative to the secondlinear guide ring 10 in the optical axis direction. This makes itpossible to utilize the full ranges of each linear guide key 10 c andeach guide groove 8 a as sliding parts for guiding the second lens groupmoving frame 8 linearly without rotating the same about the lens barrelaxis Z0. For instance, in the state shown in FIGS. 84 and 85 showing thepositional relationship between the second lens group moving frame 8 andthe second linear guide ring 10 when the zoom lens 71 is set at thewide-angle extremity (i.e., when the second lens group moving frame 8 ispositioned at its rear limit for the axial movement thereof with respectto the second linear guide ring 10), approximately a rear half of thesecond lens group moving frame 8 projects rearward from the ring portion10 b through the central aperture 10 b-T in the optical axis direction,and a rear portion of each linear guide key 10 c in the vicinity of therear end thereof in the optical axis direction is engaged with a frontportion of the associated guide groove 8 a in the vicinity of the frontend thereof in the optical axis direction. In addition, the front end ofeach linear guide key 10 c projects forward from the associated guidegroove 8 a. Assuming that each linear guide key 10 c is not positionedradially inside the ring portion 10 b but projects forward directly fromthe front of the ring portion 10 b unlike the present embodiment of thezoom lens, the second lens group moving frame 8 will not be capable ofmoving rearward beyond the position thereof shown in FIGS. 84 and 85since the second lens group moving frame 8 will be prevented from movingrearward upon contacting with the ring portion 10 b.

Thereafter, if the zoom lens 71 changes its focal length from thewide-angle extremity to the telephoto extremity, a rear portion of thesecond lens group moving frame 8 which is positioned behind the ringportion 10 b in the optical axis direction when the zoom lens 71 is setat the wide-angle extremity has been moved forward from the ring portion10 b through the central aperture 10 b-T in the optical axis directionso that the entire part of the second lens group moving frame 8 ispositioned in front of the ring portion 10 b as shown in FIGS. 86 and87. As a result, the rear end of each linear guide key 10 c projectsrearward from the associated guide groove 8 a so that only a frontportion of each linear guide key 10 c and a rear portion of theassociated guide groove 8 a are engaged with each other in the opticalaxis direction. During the movement of the second lens group movingframe 8 in the optical axis direction when the zoom lens 71 changes itsfocal length from the wide-angle extremity to the telephoto extremity,the set of three linear guide keys 10 c remain engaged in the set ofthree guide grooves 8 a so that the second lens group moving frame 8 issecurely guided linearly in the optical axis direction without rotatingabout the lens barrel axis Z0.

In the case where only a linear guiding function between the secondlinear guide ring 10 and the second lens group moving frame 8 isconsidered, almost the entire portion of each linear guide key 10 c inthe optical axis direction and almost the entire portion of each guidegroove 8 a in the optical axis direction can be utilized theoreticallyas effective guide portions which can remain engaged with each otheruntil just before being disengaged from each other. However, each of therespective effective guide portions is determined with a margin so asnot to deteriorate the stability of engagement of the set of threelinear guide keys 10 c with the set of three guide grooves 8 a. Forinstance, in the state shown in FIGS. 84 and 85 in which the zoom lens71 is set at the wide-angle extremity, the relative position between theset of three linear guide keys 10 c and the set of three guide grooves 8a shown in FIGS. 84 and 85 corresponds to the wide-angle extremity ofthe zoom lens 71 to ensure a sufficient amount of engagement between theset of three linear guide keys 10 c and the set of three guide grooves 8a though each guide groove 8 a still has room for the associated linearguide key 10 c to further move rearward in the optical axis direction.Although the second lens group moving frame 8 is positioned at the rearlimit for the axial movement thereof with respect to the cam ring 11when each front cam follower 8 b-1 and each rear cam follower 8 b-2 arepositioned on the second inflection point VTm of the associated frontinner cam groove 11 a-1 and the second inflection point VTm of theassociated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2, respectively, namely, when eachfront cam follower 8 b-1 and each rear cam follower 8 b-2 are eachpositioned in close vicinity of its wide-angle position between thiswide-angle position and its retracted position as described above, asufficient amount of engagement of the set of three linear guide keys 10c with the set of three guide grooves 8 a is secured even when thesecond lens group moving frame 8 is positioned at such a rear limit forthe axial movement thereof with respect to the cam ring 11. In the stateshown in FIGS. 86 and 87 in which the zoom lens 71 is set at thetelephoto extremity, the second lens group moving frame 8 can furthermove forward to the second linear guide ring 10 when the zoom lens 71 isin the assembling/disassembling state, each linear guide key 10 cremains engaged in the associated guide groove 8 a in theassembling/disassembling state (see FIG. 82).

As described above, to increase the maximum amount of movement of thesecond lens group moving frame 8 relative to the cam ring 11, theplurality of cam followers 8 b of the second lens group moving frame 8include the set of three front cam followers 8 b-1, which are formed atdifferent circumferential positions to be respectively engaged in theset of three front inner cam grooves 11 a-1, and a set of three rear camfollowers 8 b-2, which are formed at different circumferential positionsbehind the set of three front cam followers 8 b-1 to be respectivelyengaged in the set of three rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2. The set ofthree rear cam followers 8 b-2 move rearward from the ring portion 10 bwhen the zoom lens 71 is driven from the retracted position to thewide-angle extremity, and move forward from the ring portion 10 b whenthe zoom lens 71 is driven from the wide-angle extremity to thetelephoto extremity. The set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 arepositioned behind the ring portion 10 b when disengaged from the set ofthree rear inner cam grooves 11 a-2 from the first rear end openings R3or the second rear end openings R2, respectively. The ring portion 10 bis provided on an inner edge thereof at different circumferentialpositions with three radial recesses 10 e through which the set of threerear cam followers 8 b-2 can pass the ring portion 10 b in the opticalaxis direction, respectively, (see FIGS. 88 and 89).

The three radial recesses 10 e are formed on the ring portion 10 b to bealigned with the set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 in the opticalaxis direction when engaged therewith, respectively. Therefore, at thetime when each rear cam follower 8 b-2 reaches the first rear endopening R3 of the associated rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 in the courseof rearward movement of the rear cam follower 8 b-2 with respect to thesecond linear guide ring 10 from the retracted position shown in FIG. 79toward a position shown in FIG. 80 which corresponds to the wide-angleextremity of the zoom lens 71, the three radial recesses 10 e are alsoaligned with the three first rear end openings R3 in the optical axisdirection to allow the set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 to moverearward beyond the ring portion 10 b through the three radial recesses10 e and the three first rear end openings R3, respectively. Thereafter,each rear cam follower 8 b-2 changes the direction of movement thereofat the second inflection point VTm of the associated reference camdiagram VT to then move forward in the optical axis direction, andremains positioned behind the ring portion 10 b until reaching thesecond rear end opening R2 of the associated rear inner cam groove 11a-2 as shown in FIGS. 80 and 85. Upon each rear cam follower 8 b-2reaching the second rear end opening R2 of the associated rear inner camgroove 11 a-2 when moving forward further from the position shown inFIG. 80 which corresponds to the wide-angle extremity of the zoom lens71, the three radial recesses 10 e are aligned with the three secondrear end openings R2 in the optical axis direction this time to allowthe set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 to enter the set of three rearinner cam grooves 11 a-2 through the three radial recesses 10 e and thethree second rear end openings R2, respectively. Accordingly, the ringportion 10 b of the second linear guide ring 10 does not interfere withmovement of the set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 because the ringportion 10 b is provided with the three radial recesses 10 e, throughwhich the set of three rear cam followers 8 b-2 can pass the ringportion 10 b in the optical axis direction, respectively.

As can be understood from the above descriptions, according to the abovedescribed linear guide structure, the second lens group moving frame 8,the moving range of which in the optical axis direction is comparativelygreat, can be securely guided linearly without rotating about the lensbarrel axis Z0 by the second linear guide ring 10 without the ringportion 10 b interfering with the second lens group moving frame 8. Ascan be seen from FIGS. 79 through 82, the present embodiment of thelinear guide structure cannot be greater than a conventional linearguide structure because the length of each linear guide key 10 c issmaller than the length of the cam ring 11 in the optical axisdirection.

The support structure between the second linear guide ring 10 and thesecond lens group moving frame 8 that are positioned inside the cam ring11 has been discussed above. The support structure between the firstexternal barrel 12 and the second external barrel 13 that are positionedoutside the cam ring 11 will be discussed hereinafter.

The cam ring 11 and the first external barrel 12 are arrangedconcentrically about the lens barrel axis Z0. The first external barrel12 moves in the optical axis direction in a predetermined moving mannerby engagement of the set of three cam followers 31, which projectradially inwards from the first external barrel 12, with the set ofthree outer cam grooves 11 b, which are formed on an outer peripheralsurface of the cam ring 11. FIGS. 90 through 100 show positionalrelationships between the set of three cam followers 31 and the set ofthree outer cam grooves 11 b. In FIGS. 90 through 100, the firstexternal barrel 12 is shown by one-dot chain lines while the secondexternal barrel 13 is shown by two-dot chain lines.

As shown in FIG. 16, each outer cam groove 11 b, which is formed on anouter peripheral surface of the cam ring 11, is provided at one end(front end) thereof with a front end opening section 11 b-X which isopen on a front end surface of the cam ring 11, and is provided at theother end (rear end) thereof with a rear end opening section 11 b-Ywhich is open on a rear end surface of the cam ring 11. Accordingly, theopposite ends of each outer cam groove 11 b are respectively formed asopen ends. Each outer cam groove 11 b is provided between the front endopening section 11 b-X and the rear end opening section 11 b-Y with aninclined lead section 11 b-L which extends linearly obliquely from therear end opening section 11 b-Y toward the front of the optical axisdirection, and a curved section 11 b-Z which is positioned between theinclined lead section 11 b-L and the front end opening section 11 b-X tobe curved rearward (downward as viewed in FIG. 16) in the optical axisdirection. A zooming section for changing the focal length of the zoomlens 71 before picture taking is included in the curved section 11 b-Zof each outer cam groove 11 b. As shown in FIGS. 94 through 100, the setof three cam followers 31 can be inserted into and removed from the setof three outer cam grooves 11 b through the front end opening sections11 b-X thereof, respectively. When the zoom lens 71 is set at thetelephoto extremity, each cam follower 31 is positioned in theassociated curved section 11 b-Z in the vicinity of the front endopening section 11 b-X as shown in FIGS. 93 and 99. When the zoom lens71 is set at the wide-angle extremity, each cam follower 31 ispositioned in the associated curved section 11 b-Z in the vicinity ofinclined lead section 11 b-L as shown in FIGS. 92 and 98.

In the state shown in FIGS. 90 and 95 in which the zoom lens 71 is inthe retracted state, each cam follower 31 is in the associated rear endopening section 11 b-Y. The width of the rear end opening section 11 b-Yof each outer cam groove 11 b is greater than the width of the inclinedlead section 11 b-L and the width of the curved section 11 b-Z in acircumferential direction of the cam ring 11 so that each cam follower31 is allowed to move in a circumferential direction of the cam ring 11to some extent in the associated rear end opening section 11 b-Y.Although the rear end opening section 11 b-Y of each outer cam groove 11b is open at the rear of the cam ring 11, the set of three cam followers31 do not come off the set of three outer cam grooves 11 b through thethree rear end opening sections 11 b-Y, respectively, because the camring 11 is provided with at least one stop portion which determines arear limit for the axial movement of the first external barrel 12 withrespect to the cam ring 11.

More specifically, the cam ring 11 is provided, at the front end thereofat different circumferential positions, with a set of three frontprojecting portions 11 f which project forward in the optical axisdirection as shown in FIG. 16. The aforementioned set of three externalprotuberances 11 g, which are formed on the cam ring 11 to projectradially outwards, are formed behind the set of three front projectingportions 11 f in the optical axis direction, respectively. Each externalprotuberance 11 g is provided with a corresponding section of thediscontinuous circumferential groove 11 c. The set of three rollerfollowers 32 are fixed onto the set of three external protuberances 11 gby the three set screws 32 a, respectively. The set of three frontprojecting portions 11 f are provided at the front ends thereof with aset of three front stop surfaces 11 s-1, respectively, which lie in aplane orthogonal to the photographing optical axis Z1. The set of threeexternal protuberances 11 g are provided at the front ends thereof witha set of three rear stop surfaces 11 s-2 which lie in a plane orthogonalto the photographing optical axis Z1. On the other hand, as shown inFIG. 21, the first external barrel 12 is provided on an inner peripheralsurface thereof with a set of three protuberances, and a set of threefront stop surfaces 12 s-1 are provided at the rear end surface of theprotuberances to correspond (oppose) to the set of three front stopsurfaces 11 s-1 so that the set of three front stop surfaces 12 s-1 cancome into contact with the set of three front stop surfaces 11 s-1,respectively. The first external barrel 12 is provided at the rear endthereof with a set of three rear stop surfaces 12 s-2 to correspond tothe set of three rear stop surfaces 11 s-2 so that the set of three rearstop surfaces 12 s-2 can come into contact with the set of three rearstop surfaces 11 s-2, respectively. Each front stop surface 12 s-1 andeach rear stop surface 12 s-2 are parallel to each front stop surface 11s-1 and each rear stop surface 11 s-2, respectively. The space betweenthe set of three front stop surfaces 11 s-1 and the set of three rearstop surfaces 11 s-2 is the same as the space between the set of threefront stop surfaces 12 s-1 and the set of three rear stop surfaces 12s-2.

When the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state, each front stop surface12 s-1 comes very close to the associated front stop surface 11 s-1while each rear stop surface 12 s-2 comes very close to the associatedrear stop surface 11 s-2 so that the first external barrel 12 does notfurther move rearward beyond the position thereof shown in FIGS. 90 and95. In the lens barrel retracting operation of the zoom lens 71, thefirst external barrel 12 stops moving rearward immediately before eachfront stop surface 12 s-1 and each rear stop surface 12 s-2 comes intocontact with the associated front stop surface 11 s-1 and the associatedrear stop surface 11 s-2, respectively, because the first externalbarrel 12 stops being driven in the optical axis direction by the camring 11 via the set of three cam followers 31 at the time when the setof three cam followers 31 respectively enter the rear end openingsections 11 b-Y of the set of three outer cam grooves 11 b due to a widecircumferential width of each rear end opening section 11 b-Y. The spacebetween the set of three front stop surfaces 11 s-1 and the set of threefront stop surfaces 12 s-1 in the retracted state of the zoom lens 71 ispredetermined at approximately 0.1 mm. Likewise, the space between theset of three rear stop surfaces 11 s-2 and the set of three rear stopsurfaces 12 s-2 in the retracted state of the zoom lens 71 is alsopredetermined at approximately 0.1 mm. However, in an alternativeembodiment, the first external barrel 12 can be allowed to retract byinertia so that the front stop surfaces 11 s-1 and 12 s-1 and the rearstop surfaces 11 s-2 and 12 s-2 contact each other, respectively.

The first external barrel 12 is provided on an inner peripheral surfacethereof with an inner flange 12 c which projects radially inwards. Theset of three front stop surfaces 12 s-1 are positioned in front of theinner flange 12 c in the optical axis direction. The inner flange 12 cof the first external barrel 12 is provided with a set of three radialrecesses 12 d through which the set of three front projecting portions11 f can pass the inner flange 12 c in the optical axis direction,respectively. When the set of three front stop surfaces 11 s-1 approachthe set of three front stop surfaces 12 s-1, the set of three frontprojecting portions 11 f passes the inner flange 12 c through the set ofthree radial recesses 12 d.

Although each of the cam ring 11 and the first external barrel 12 isprovided, at front and rear portions thereof in the optical axisdirection, with a set of front stop surfaces (11 s-1 or 12 s-1) and aset of rear stop surfaces (11 s-2 or 12 s-2) in the present embodimentof the zoom lens, each of the cam ring 11 and the first external barrel12 can be provided with only one of the set of front stop surfaces orthe set of rear stop surfaces to determine the rear limit for the axialmovement of the first external barrel 12 with respect to the cam ring11. Conversely, each of the cam ring 11 and the first external barrel 12can be provided with one or more additional sets of stop surfaces. Forinstance, in addition to the front stop surfaces 11 s-1 and 12 s-1 andthe rear stop surfaces 11 s-2 and 12 s-2, three front end surfaces 11 heach of which are formed between two adjacent front projecting portions11 f can be made to be capable of coming into contact with a rearsurface 12 h of the inner flange 12 c to determine the rear limit forthe axial movement of the first external barrel 12 with respect to thecam ring 11. Note that the front projecting portions 11 f do not contactwith the rear surface 12 h, in the illustrated embodiment.

In each of the three outer cam grooves 11 b, the entire section thereofexcept for the front end opening section 11 b-X serving as a lens-barrelassembling/disassembling section serves as a lens-barrel operatingsection consisting of a zooming section and a lens-barrel retractingsection. Namely, a specific section of each of the three outer camgrooves 11 b which extends from the position of the associated camfollower 31 in the outer cam groove 11 b shown in FIGS. 90 and 95 (i.e.,the rear end opening section 11 b-Y), where the zoom lens 71 is in theretracted state, to that shown in FIGS. 93 and 99, where the zoom lens71 is set at the telephoto extremity serves as a lens-barrel operatingsection consisting of a zooming section and a lens-barrel retractingsection. In the present embodiment of the zoom lens, the rear endopening section 11 b-Y of each outer cam groove 11 b is formed as anopening which is open at the rear of the cam ring 11. This structuremakes it unnecessary to form any rear end wall having a certainthickness on a portion of the cam ring 11 behind each rear end openingsection 11 b-Y, thus reducing the length of the cam ring 11 in theoptical axis direction. In a conventional cam ring having cam groovesthereon, at least the terminal end of an operating section of each camgroove (one end of each cam groove if the other end is an open end forthe insertion of the associated cam groove in the cam groove) has to beformed as a closed end which requires the cam ring to have a end wallhaving a certain thickness to close the terminal end of the operatingsection of each cam groove. This kind of end wall does not have to beformed on the cam ring 11 of the present embodiment of the zoom lens,which is advantageous to downsize the cam ring 11.

The reason why the rear end of each outer cam groove 11 b issuccessfully formed as an open end such as the rear end opening section11 b-Y is that the rear limit for the axial movement of the firstexternal barrel 12 with respect to the cam ring 11 is determined by thefront stop surfaces (11 s-1 and 12 s-1) and the rear stop surfaces (11s-2 and 12 s-2) which are provided independent of the set of three outercam grooves 11 b and the set of three cam followers 31. Providing thecam ring 11 and the first external barrel 12 with such stop surfaces asthe front and rear stop surfaces (11 s-1, 12 s-1, 11 s-2 and 12 s-2)that operate independently of the set of three outer cam grooves 11 band the set of three cam followers 31, eliminates a possibility of eachcam follower 31 becoming incapable of being re-engaged in the associatedouter cam groove 11 b through the rear end opening section 11 b-Ythereof if each cam follower 31 should be disengaged therefrom.

When the set of three cam followers 31 are respectively positioned inthe rear end opening sections 11 b-Y of the set of three outer camgrooves 11 b, the optical elements of the zoom lens 71 are not requiredto have a high degree of positioning accuracy because the zoom lens 71is in the retracted state as shown in FIG. 10. Due to this reason, thereis no substantial problem even if each rear end opening section 11 b-Yhas a wide circumferential width so that each cam follower 31 is looselyengaged in the associated rear end opening section 11 b-Y. Conversely,the lens-barrel retracting section of the lens-barrel operating sectionof each outer cam groove 11 b is successfully formed as an open end suchas the rear end opening section 11 b-Y because the lens-barrelretracting section of the lens-barrel operating section of each outercam groove 11 b, in which the associated cam follower 31 is allowed tobe loosely engaged, is formed at the terminal end of the outer camgroove 11 b and further because the entire cam contour of each outer camgroove 11 b is determined so that the terminal end thereof is positionedat the rearmost position of the outer cam groove 11 b in the opticalaxis direction.

To make each cam follower 31 move from the rear end opening section 11b-Y, in which the cam follower 31 is loosely engaged, to the inclinedlead section 11 b-L of the associated outer cam groove 11 b withreliability, the cam ring 11 is provided at different circumferentialpositions with a set of three beveled lead surfaces lit while the firstexternal barrel 12 is provided at different circumferential positionswith a set of three beveled lead surfaces 12 t. The set of three beveledlead surfaces 11 t are formed to adjoin the set of three front stopsurfaces 11 s-1 on the set of three front projecting portions 11 f sothat the set of three beveled lead surfaces 11 t and the set of threefront stop surfaces 11 s-1 become a set of three continuous surfaces,respectively. The first external barrel 12 is provided at differentcircumferential positions with a set of three rear end protrusions 12 feach having a substantially isosceles triangle shape. The set of threeengaging protrusions 12 a are formed on the set of three rear endprotrusions 12 f, respectively. One of the two equal sides of each rearend protrusion 12 f is formed as one of the three beveled lead surfaces12 t. As shown in FIGS. 95 through 100, each beveled lead surface 11 tand each beveled lead surface 12 t extend parallel to the inclined leadsection 11 b-L.

In the state shown in FIGS. 90 and 95 in which the zoom lens 71 is inthe retracted state, an edge ED1 of each of the three inner flanges 12 cis positioned to be opposed to the adjacent beveled lead surface 11 t ina circumferential direction, and also an edge ED2 of each of the threeexternal protuberances 11 g is positioned to be opposed to the adjacentbeveled lead surface 12 t in a circumferential direction. In addition,in the same state shown in FIGS. 90 and 95, the edge ED1 of each innerflange 12 c is slightly apart from the adjacent beveled lead surface 11t while the edge ED2 of each external protuberance 11 g is slightlyapart from the adjacent beveled lead surface 12 t. In this state shownin FIGS. 90 and 95, a rotation of the cam ring 11 in the lens barreladvancing direction (upwards as viewed in FIGS. 91 and 96) causes eachbeveled lead surface 11 t to come into contact with the edge ED1 of theadjacent inner flange 12 c, and at the same time causes each beveledlead surface 12 t to come into contact with the edge ED2 of theassociated external protuberance 11 g as shown in FIGS. 91 and 96.Accordingly, at an initial stage of rotation of the cam ring 11 from thestate shown in FIG. 95, in which the three edges ED1 and the three edgesED2 are respectively apart from the three beveled lead surfaces 11 t andthe three beveled lead surfaces 12 t, to the state shown in FIG. 96, inwhich the three edges ED1 and the three edges ED2 are respectively incontact with the three beveled lead surfaces 11 t and the three beveledlead surfaces 12 t, each cam follower 31 moves solely within theassociated rear end opening section 11 b-Y in a circumferentialdirection of the cam ring 11, so that the first external barrel 12 isnot moved in the optical axis direction with respect to the cam ring 11by rotation of the cam ring 11.

In the state shown in FIGS. 91 and 96, in which the three edges ED1 andthe three edges ED2 are respectively in contact with the three beveledlead surfaces 11 t and the three beveled lead surfaces 12 t, each camfollower 31 is positioned at the insertion end of the inclined leadsection 11 b-L of the associated outer cam groove 11 b. A furtherrotation of the cam ring 11 causes each edge ED1 to slide on theassociated beveled lead surface 11 t and at the same time causes eachedge ED2 to slide on the associated beveled lead surface 12 t so thatthe first external barrel 12 is pushed forward with respect to the camring 11 by the three beveled lead surfaces 11 t in accordance with thesliding movements of the three edges ED1 and the three edges ED2 on thethree beveled lead surfaces 11 t and the three beveled lead surfaces 12t, respectively. Since each beveled lead surface 11 t and each beveledlead surface 12 t extend parallel to the inclined lead section 11 b-L,the force acting on the first external barrel 12 by the rotation of thecam ring 11 via the three beveled lead surfaces 11 t causes each camfollower 31 to move into the inclined lead section 11 b-L of theassociated outer cam groove 11 b from the rear end opening section 11b-Y thereof. After each cam follower 31 completely enters the inclinedlead section 11 b-L of the associated outer cam groove 11 b as shown inFIG. 97, each beveled lead surface 11 t and each beveled lead surface 12t are disengaged from the associated edge ED1 and the associated edgeED2, respectively, and accordingly, the first external barrel 12 isguided linearly in the optical axis direction due only to the engagementof the set of three cam followers 31 with the set of three outer camgrooves 11 b, respectively.

Accordingly, in the lens barrel advancing operation of the zoom lens 71which commences from the retracted state shown in FIG. 10, providing thecam ring 11 and the first external barrel 12 with the three beveled leadsurfaces 11 t and the three beveled lead surfaces 12 t, whose functionsare similar to those of the three inclined lead section 11 b-L, andfurther providing the first external barrel 12 with the three edge ED2and the three ED1, whose functions are similar to those of the three camfollowers 31, respectively, make it possible to have each cam follower31 enter the inclined lead section 11 b-L of the associated outer camgroove 11 b properly to move therein toward the associated curvedsection 11 b-Z even from a state as shown in FIG. 95 where each camfollower 31 is loosely engaged in the associated rear end openingsection 11 b-Y. This prevents the zoom lens 71 from malfunctioning.

Although each of the cam ring 11 and the first external barrel 12 isprovided with a set of three beveled lead surfaces (11 t or 12 t) in thepresent embodiment of the zoom lens, only one of the cam ring 11 and thefirst external barrel 12 can be provided with a set of three beveledlead surfaces (11 t or 12 t), or each of the cam ring 11 and the firstexternal barrel 12 can be provided with more than one set of threebeveled lead surfaces.

FIG. 101 shows another embodiment of the structure shown in FIG. 95, inwhich the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state. Elements shown in FIG.101 which are similar to those shown in FIG. 95 are designated by thesame reference numerals each of which the mark (′) is appended to.

Each outer cam groove 11 b′ is provided at the rear end of each inclinedlead section 11 b-L′ with a rear end opening 11 b-K instead of the rearend opening section 11 b-Y of the cam ring 11 shown in FIG. 95. Unlikeeach rear end opening section 11 b-Y, each rear end opening 11 b-K isformed as a simple end opening of the associated outer cam groove 11 b.Performing the lens barrel retracting operation in a state where thezoom lens is set at the wide-angle extremity causes each cam follower31′ to move rearward (rightward as viewed in FIG. 101) in the associatedinclined lead section 11 b-L′, and subsequently causes each cam follower31′ to come out of the associated outer cam groove 11 b′ through therear end opening 11 b-K thereof upon the zoom lens reaching theretracted position thereof. If each cam follower 31′ comes out of theassociated outer cam groove 11 b′ through the rear end opening 11 b-Kthereof, the first external barrel 12′ stops being driven by the camring 11′ via the set of three cam followers 31′ and therefore stopsmoving rearward. At this time, the first external barrel 12′ isprevented from further moving rearward because each front stop surface12 s-1′ and each rear stop surface 12 s-2′ are positioned very close tothe associated front stop surface 11 s-1′ and the associated rear stopsurface 11 s-2′, respectively. Therefore, the first external barrel 12′is prevented from moving rearward overly even if each cam follower 31′comes out of the associated outer cam groove 11 b′ through the rear endopening 11 b-K thereof. In this embodiment shown in FIG. 101, similar tothe embodiment shown in FIG. 95, the space between the set of threefront stop surfaces 11 s-1′ and the set of three front stop surfaces 12s-1′ in the retracted state of the zoom lens is desirably atapproximately 0.1 mm. Likewise, the space between the set of three rearstop surfaces 11 s-2′ and the set of three rear stop surfaces 12 s-2′ inthe retracted state of the zoom lens is desirably at approximately 0.1mm. However, in an alternative embodiment, the first external barrel 12′can be allowed to retract by inertia so that the front stop surfaces 11s-1′ and 12 s-1′ and the rear stop surfaces 11 s-2′ and 12 s-2′ contacteach other, respectively.

According to the structure shown in FIG. 101 in which each cam follower31′ comes out of the associated outer cam groove 11 b′ in the retractedstate of the zoom lens 71, it is possible to further downsize the camring 11′ because each outer cam groove 11 b′ does not have to beprovided with any accommodation section, which corresponds to each rearend opening section 11 b-Y of the cam ring 11, for accommodating theassociated cam follower therein when the zoom lens is in the retractedposition.

In the retracted state shown in FIG. 101, the edge ED1′ of each of thethree inner flanges 12 c ′ is in contact with the beveled lead surface11 t′ of the associated front projecting portions 11 f′ while the edgeED2′ of each of the three external protuberances 11 g′ is in contactwith the beveled lead surface 12 t′ of the associated rear projectingportions 12 f′. Each beveled lead surface 11 t, and each beveled leadsurface 12 t′ extend parallel to the inclined lead section 11 b-L′. Dueto this structure, rotating the cam ring 11′ in the retracted stateshown in FIG. 101 causes the first external barrel 12′ to be pushedforward with respect to the cam ring 11′, and subsequently causes eachcam follower 31′ which is currently positioned outside the associatedouter cam groove 11 b′ to move into the inclined lead section 11 b-L′ ofthe associated outer cam groove 11 b′ from the rear end opening 11 b-Kthereof. Thereafter, a further rotation of the cam ring 11′ in the lensbarrel advancing direction causes each cam follower 31′ to move into theassociated curved section 11 b-Z′ in the associated outer cam groove 11b′. Thereafter, each cam follower 31′ moves in the associated outer camgroove 11 b′ to perform a zooming operation in accordance with rotationof the cam ring 11′. Moving each cam follower 31′ to the front endopening sections 11 b-X of the associated outer cam groove 11 b makes itpossible to remove the first external barrel 12′ from the cam ring 11′.

As can be understood from the foregoing, also in the embodiment shown inFIG. 101, the rear limit for the axial movement of the first externalbarrel 12′ with respect to the cam ring 11′ can be surely determined,while each cam follower 31′ can properly enter the inclined lead section11 b-L′ of the associated outer cam groove 11 b′ even though each camfollower 31′ comes out of the associated outer cam groove 11 b′ throughthe rear end opening 11 b-K thereof when the zoom lens is retracted intothe camera body.

The structure of the zoom lens 71 which accommodates the zoom lens 71 inthe camera body 72 as shown in FIG. 9 upon a main switch (not shown) ofthe digital camera 70 being turned OFF, which incorporates the structureretracting the second lens frame 6 (the second lens group LG2) to theradially retracted position, will be hereinafter discussed in detail. Inthe following descriptions the terms “vertical direction” and“horizontal direction” mean the vertical direction and the horizontaldirection as viewed from front or rear of the digital camera 70 such asthe vertical direction of FIG. 110 and the horizontal direction of FIG.111, respectively. In addition, the term “forward/backward direction”corresponds to the optical axis direction (i.e., a direction parallel tothe photographing optical axis Z1).

The second lens group LG2 is supported by the second lens group movingframe 8 via peripheral elements shown in FIG. 102. The second lens frame6 is provided with a cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a, a pivotedcylindrical portion 6 b, a swing arm portion 6 c and an engagingprotrusion 6 e. The cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a directly holdsand supports the second lens group L2. The swing arm portion 6 c extendsin a radial direction of the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a toconnect the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a to the pivotedcylindrical portion 6 b. The engaging protrusion 6 e is formed on thecylindrical lens holder portion 6 a to extend in a direction away fromthe swing arm portion 6 c. The pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b isprovided with a through hole 6 d extending in a direction parallel tothe optical axis of the second lens group LG2. The pivoted cylindricalportion 6 b is provided at front and rear ends thereof, on front andrear sides of a portion of the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b which isconnected to the swing arm portion 6 c, with a front spring supportportion 6 f and a rear spring support portion 6 g, respectively. Thefront spring support portion 6 f is provided, on an outer peripheralsurface thereof in the vicinity of the front end of the front springsupport portion 6 f, with a front spring hold projection 6 h. The rearspring support portion 6 g is provided, on an outer peripheral surfacethereof in the vicinity of the rear end of the rear spring supportportion 6 g, with a rear spring hold projection 6 i. The pivotedcylindrical portion 6 b is provided on an outer peripheral surfacethereof with a position control arm 6 j extending in a direction awayfrom the swing arm portion 6 c. The position control arm 6 j is providedwith a first spring engaging hole 6 k, and the swing arm portion 6 c isprovided with a second spring engaging hole 6 p (see FIGS. 118 through120).

The second lens frame 6 is provided with a rear projecting portion 6 mwhich projects rearward in the optical axis direction from the swing armportion 6 c. The rear projecting portion 6 m is provided at the rear endthereof with a contacting surface 6 n which lies in a plane orthogonalto the optical axis of the second lens group LG2, i.e., to thephotographing optical axis Z1. Although a light shield ring 9 is fixedas shown in FIGS. 104, 105, 128 and 129, the contacting surface 6 n ispositioned behind the second lens group light shield ring in the opticalaxis direction. Namely, the contacting surface 6 n is positioned behindthe rearmost position of the second lens group LG2 in the optical axisdirection.

The front second lens frame support plate 36 is a vertically-elongatednarrow plate having a narrow width in horizontal direction. The frontsecond lens frame support plate 36 is provided with a firstvertically-elongated hole 36 a, a pivot hole 36 b, a cam-bar insertablehole 36 c, a screw insertion hole 36 d, a horizontally-elongated hole 36e and a second vertically-elongated hole 36 f, in this order from top tobottom of the front second lens frame support plate 36. All of theseholes 36 a through 36 f are through holes which penetrate the frontsecond lens frame support plate 36 in the optical axis direction. Thefront second lens frame support plate 36 is provided on an outer edgethereof in the vicinity of the first vertically-elongated hole 36 a witha spring engaging recess 36 g.

Similar to the front second lens frame support plate 36, the rear secondlens frame support plate 37 is also a vertically-elongated narrow platehaving a narrow width in horizontal direction. The rear second lensframe support plate 37 is provided with a first vertically-elongatedhole 37 a, a pivot hole 37 b, a cam-bar insertable hole 37 c, a screwhole 37 d, a horizontally-elongated hole 37 e and a secondvertically-elongated hole 37 f, in this order from top to bottom of therear second lens frame support plate 37. All of these holes 37 a through37 f are through holes which penetrate through the rear second lensframe support plate 37 in the optical axis direction. The rear secondlens frame support plate 37 is provided on an inner edge of the cam-barinsertable hole 37 c with a guide key insertable recess 37 g. Thethrough holes 36 a through 36 f of the front second lens frame supportplate 36 and the through holes 37 a through 37 f of the rear second lensframe support plate 37 are aligned in the optical axis direction,respectively.

The set screw 66 is provided with a threaded shaft portion 66 a and ahead portion fixed to an end of the threaded shaft portion 66. The headportion is provided with a cross-slot 66 b into which the tip of aPhillips screwdriver (not shown) serving as an adjusting tool can beinserted. The screw insertion hole 36 d of the front second lens framesupport plate 36 has a diameter by which the threaded shaft portion 66 aof the set screw 66 is insertable. The threaded shaft portion 66 a ofthe set screw 66 can be screwed through the screw hole 37 d of the rearsecond lens frame support plate 37 to fix the front second lens framesupport plate 36 and the rear second lens frame support plate 37 to thesecond lens group moving frame 8.

The zoom lens 71 is provided between the front second lens frame supportplate 36 and the rear second lens frame support plate 37 with a firsteccentric shaft 34X which extends in the optical axis direction. Thefirst eccentric shaft 34X is provided with a large diameter portion34X-a, and is provided at front and rear ends of the large diameterportion 34X-a with a front eccentric pin 34X-b and a rear eccentric pin34X-c which project forward and rearward in the optical axis direction,respectively. The front eccentric pin 34X-b and the rear eccentric pin34X-c have the common axis eccentric to the axis of the large diameterportion 34X-a. The front eccentric pin 34X-b is provided at the frontend thereof with a recess 34X-d into which the tip of a flatbladescrewdriver (not shown) serving as an adjusting tool can be inserted.

The zoom lens 71 is provided between the front second lens frame supportplate 36 and the rear second lens frame support plate 37 with a secondeccentric shaft 34Y which extends in the optical axis direction. Thestructure of the second eccentric shaft 34Y is the same as the structureof the first eccentric shaft 34X. Namely, the second eccentric shaft 34Yis provided with a large diameter portion 34Y-a, and is provided atfront and rear ends of the large diameter portion 34Y-a with a fronteccentric pin 34Y-b and a rear eccentric pin 34Y-c which projectsforward and rearward in the optical axis direction, respectively. Thefront eccentric pin 34Y-b and the rear eccentric pin 34Y-c have thecommon axis eccentric to the axis of the large diameter portion 34Y-a.The front eccentric pin 34Y-b is provided at the front end thereof witha recess 34Y-d into which the tip of a flatblade screwdriver (not shown)serving as an adjusting tool can be inserted.

The bore diameter of a rear end portion of the through hole 6 d thatpenetrates the second lens frame 6 is increased to form aspring-accommodation large diameter hole 6Z (see FIG. 126) so that thecompression coil spring 38 is accommodated in the spring-accommodationlarge diameter hole 6Z. The front torsion coil spring 39 and a reartorsion coil spring 40 are fitted on the front spring support portion 6f and the rear spring support portion 6 g, respectively. The fronttorsion coil spring 39 is provided with a front spring end 39 a and arear spring end 39 b, and the rear torsion coil spring 40 is providedwith a front stationary spring end 40 a and a rear movable spring end 40b.

The pivot shaft 33 is fitted in the through hole 6 d from the rear endthereof so that the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b of the second lensframe 6 can freely rotate on the pivot shaft 33 with no play in radialdirections. The diameters of front and rear ends of the pivot shaft 33correspond to the pivot hole 36 b of the front second lens frame supportplate 36 and the pivot hole 37 b of the rear second lens frame supportplate 37 so that the front and rear ends of the pivot shaft 33 arefitted in the pivot hole 36 b and the pivot hole 37 b to be supported bythe front second lens frame support plate 36 and the rear second lensframe support plate 37, respectively. In a state where the pivot shaft33 is fitted in the through hole 6 d, the axis of the pivot shaft 33extends parallel to the optical axis of the second lens group LG2. Asshown in FIG. 113, the pivot shaft 33 is provided in the vicinity of therear end thereof with a flange 33 a which is inserted in thespring-accommodation large diameter hole 6Z to contact with the rear endof the compression coil spring 38 that is accommodated in thespring-accommodation large diameter hole 6Z.

As clearly shown in FIGS. 106 and 107, the second lens group movingframe 8 is an annular member having a through internal space 8 n whichpenetrates the second lens group moving frame 8 in the optical axisdirection. The second lens group moving frame 8 is provided, on an innerperipheral surface thereof at a substantially center thereof in theoptical axis direction, with a central inner flange 8 s. The inner edgeof the central inner flange 8 s forms a vertically-elongated opening 8 tin which the second lens frame 6 is swingable. The shutter unit 76 isfixed to a front surface of the central inner flange 8 s. The secondlens group moving frame 8 is provided on an inner peripheral surfacethereof behind the central inner flange 8 s in the optical axisdirection with a first radial recess 8 q (see FIGS. 111 and 112) whichis recessed radially outwards (upwards as viewed in FIG. 111) tocorrespond to the shape of an outer peripheral surface of thecylindrical lens holder portion 6 a of the second lens frame 6 so thatthe cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a can partly enter the radialrecess 8 q. The second lens group moving frame 8 is further provided onan inner peripheral surface thereof behind the central inner flange 8 swith a second radial recess 8 r (see FIGS. 111 and 112) which isrecessed radially outwards to correspond to the shape of an outer edgeof the engaging protrusion 6 e of the second lens frame 6 so that theengaging protrusion 6 e can partly enter the second radial recess 8 r.

As shown in FIGS. 106 and 107, the second lens group moving frame 8 isprovided on a front end surface thereof (specifically, a right portionof the front end surface of the second lens group moving frame 8, on theright hand side of the vertically-elongated opening 8 t, as viewed fromfront of the second lens group moving frame 8) with avertically-elongated front fixing surface 8 c to which the front secondlens frame support plate 36 is fixed. The front fixing surface 8 c ishatched in FIGS. 106 and 107 for the purpose of illustration. The frontfixing surface 8 c does not overlap the vertically-elongated opening 8 tin the optical axis direction, and lies in a plane orthogonal to thelens barrel axis Z0 (the photographing optical axis Z1, the optical axisof the second lens group LG2). The front fixing surface 8 c ispositioned in front of the shutter unit 76 in the optical axisdirection. The front fixing surface 8 c is formed to be exposed to thefront of the second lens group moving frame 8. The second lens groupmoving frame 8 is provided at the front end thereof with a set of threeextensions 8 d extending forward in the optical axis direction. The setof three extensions 8 d are formed as extensions of the second lensgroup moving frame 8 which extend forward from the front end of thesecond lens group moving frame 8. The set of three front cam followers 8b-1 are formed on outer peripheral surfaces of the set of threeextensions 8 d, respectively. The second lens group moving frame 8 isprovided on a rear end surface thereof (specifically, a left portion ofthe rear end surface of the second lens group moving frame 8, on theleft hand side of the vertically-elongated opening 8 t, as viewed fromrear of the second lens group moving frame 8) with avertically-elongated rear fixing surface 8 e to which the rear secondlens frame support plate 37 is fixed. The rear fixing surface 8 e ispositioned on the opposite side of the central inner flange 8 s from thefront fixing surface 8 c in the optical axis direction to be parallel tothe front fixing surface 8 c. The rear fixing surface 8 e is formed as apart of the rear end surface of the second lens group moving frame 8;namely, the rear fixing surface 8 e is flush with the rear end surfaceof the second lens group moving frame 8.

The second lens group moving frame 8 is provided with a first eccentricshaft support hole 8 f, a pivoted cylindrical portion receiving hole 8g, a screw insertion hole 8 h and a second eccentric shaft support hole8 i, in this order from top to bottom of the second lens group movingframe 8. All of these holes 8 f, 8 g, 8 h and 8 i are through holeswhich penetrate the second lens group moving frame 8 in the optical axisdirection between the front fixing surface 8 c and the rear fixingsurface 8 e. The through holes 8 f, 8 h and 8 i of the second lens groupmoving frame 8 are aligned with the through holes 36 a, 36 d and 36 e ofthe front second lens frame support plate 36, respectively, and alsoaligned with the through holes 37 a, 37 d and 37 e of the rear secondlens frame support plate 37 in the optical axis direction, respectively.The second lens group moving frame 8 is provided on an inner peripheralsurface thereon in the pivoted cylindrical portion receiving hole 8 gwith a key way 8 p extending in the optical axis direction. The key way8 p penetrates the second lens group moving frame 8 in the optical axisdirection between the front fixing surface 8 c and the rear fixingsurface 8 e. The diameter of the first eccentric shaft support hole 8 fis determined so that the large diameter portion 34X-a is rotatablyfitted in the first eccentric shaft support hole 8 f, and the diameterof the second eccentric shaft support hole 8 i is determined so that thelarge diameter portion 34Y-a is rotatably fitted in the second eccentricshaft support hole 8 i (see FIG. 113). On the other hand, the diameterof the screw insertion hole 8 h is determined so that the threaded shaftportion 66 a is inserted in the screw insertion hole 8 h with asubstantial gap between the threaded shaft portion 66 a and an innerperipheral surface of the screw insertion hole 8 h (see FIG. 113). Thesecond lens group moving frame 8 is provided on the front fixing surface8 c and the rear fixing surface 8 e with a front boss 8 j and a rearboss 8 k which project forward and rearward in the optical axisdirection, respectively. The front boss 8 j and the rear boss 8 k have acommon axis extending in the optical axis direction. The second lensgroup moving frame 8 is provided below the vertically-elongated opening8 t with a through hole 8 m which penetrates through the central innerflange 8 s in the optical axis direction so that the rotation limitshaft 35 can be inserted into the vertically-elongated opening 8 t.

The rotation limit shaft 35 is provided with a large diameter portion 35a, and is provided at a rear end thereof with an eccentric pin 35 bwhich projects rearward in the optical axis direction. The axis of theeccentric pin 35 b is eccentric to the axis of the large diameterportion 35. The rotation limit shaft 35 is provided at a front endthereof with a recess 35 c into which the tip of a flatblade screwdriver(not shown) serving as an adjusting tool can be inserted.

FIGS. 108 through 112 show a state where the above described assembleparts shown in FIGS. 102 through 107 are put together, viewed fromdifferent angles. A manner of putting the assembled parts together willbe discussed hereinafter.

First, the front torsion coil spring 39 and the rear torsion coil spring40 are fixed to the second lens frame 6. At this time, a coil portion ofthe front torsion coil spring 39 is fitted on the front spring supportportion 6 f of the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b with the rear springend 39 b being engaged with a portion of the second lens frame 6 betweenthe pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b and the swing arm portion 6 c (seeFIG. 104). The front spring end 39 a of the front torsion coil spring 39is not engaged with any part of the second lens frame 6. A coil portionof the rear torsion coil spring 40 is fitted on the rear spring supportportion 6 g of the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b with the frontstationary spring end 40 a and the rear movable spring end 40 b beinginserted into the second spring engaging hole 6 p of the swing armportion 6 c and the first spring engaging hole 6 k of the positioncontrol arm 6 j, respectively. The front stationary spring end 40 a isfixed to the second spring engaging hole 6 p while the rear movablespring end 40 b is allowed to move in the first spring engaging hole 6 kin a range “NR1” shown in FIG. 120. In a free state, the rear torsioncoil spring 40 is supported by the second lens frame 6 thereon with thefront stationary spring end 40 a and the rear movable spring end 40 bbeing slightly pressed to move in opposite directions approaching eachother so that the rear movable spring end 40 b is in pressing contactwith an inner wall surface of the position control arm 6 j in the firstspring engaging hole 6 k (see FIG. 120). The front torsion coil spring39 is prevented from coming off the front spring support portion 6 ffrom the front end thereof in the optical axis direction by the frontspring hold projection 6 h, while the rear torsion coil spring 40 isprevented from coming off the rear spring support portion 6 g from therear end thereof in the optical axis direction by the rear spring holdprojection 6 i.

Aside from the installation of the front torsion coil spring 39 and therear torsion coil spring 40, the pivot shaft 33 is inserted into thethrough hole 6 d after the compression coil spring 38 is inserted intothe spring-accommodation large diameter hole 6Z that is formed in therear end portion of the rear spring support portion 6 g. At this time,the flange 33 a of the pivot shaft 33 enters the rear spring supportportion 6 g to contact with the rear end of the compression coil spring38. The axial length of the pivot shaft 33 is greater than the axiallength of the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b so that the opposite endsof the pivot shaft 33 project from the front and rear ends of thepivoted cylindrical portion 6 b, respectively.

Concurrent with the above described installation operations to thepivoted cylindrical portion 6 b, the first eccentric shaft 34X and thesecond eccentric shaft 34Y are inserted into the first eccentric shaftsupport hole 8 f and the second eccentric shaft support hole 8 i,respectively. As shown in FIG. 113, the diameter of a front end portion(left end portion as viewed in FIG. 113) of the large diameter portion34X-a of the first eccentric shaft 34X is greater than the diameter ofthe remaining portion of the large diameter portion 34X-a, and the innerdiameter of a corresponding front end portion (left end portion asviewed in FIG. 113) of the first eccentric shaft support hole 8 f isgreater than the inner diameter of the remaining portion of the firsteccentric shaft support hole 8 f. Likewise, the diameter of a front endportion (left end portion as viewed in FIG. 113) of the large diameterportion 34Y-a of the second eccentric shaft 34Y is greater than thediameter of the remaining portion of the large diameter portion 34Y-a,and the inner diameter of a corresponding front end portion (left endportion as viewed in FIG. 113) of the second eccentric shaft supporthole 8 i is greater than the inner diameter of the remaining portion ofthe second eccentric shaft support hole 8 i. Therefore, when insertedinto the first eccentric shaft support hole 8 f from the front endthereof (the left end as viewed in FIG. 113), the first eccentric shaft34X is prevented from being further inserted into the first eccentricshaft support hole 8 f upon the stepped portion between the largediameter portion 34X-a and the remaining portion of the first eccentricshaft 34X contacting with the bottom of the large-diameter front endportion of the first eccentric shaft support hole 8 f as shown in FIG.113. Likewise, when inserted into the second eccentric shaft supporthole 8 i from the front end thereof (the left end as viewed in FIG.113), the second eccentric shaft 34Y is prevented from being furtherinserted into the second eccentric shaft support hole 8 i upon thestepped portion between the large diameter portion 34Y-a and theremaining portion of the first eccentric shaft 34Y contacting with thebottom of the large-diameter front end portion of the second eccentricshaft support hole 8 i as shown in FIG. 113. In this state, the fronteccentric pin 34X-b and the front eccentric pin 34Y-b project forward inthe optical axis direction from the front fixing surface 8 c while therear eccentric pin 34X-c and the eccentric pin 34Y-c project rearward inthe optical axis direction from the rear fixing surface 8 e.

Subsequently, the front second lens frame support plate 36 and the rearsecond lens frame support plate 37 are fixed to the front fixing surface8 c and the rear fixing surface 8 e, respectively, while the front endof the pivot shaft 33, which projects from the front end of the frontspring support portion 6 f of the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b, isfitted into the pivot hole 36 b of the front second lens frame supportplate 36 and at the same time the rear end of the pivot shaft 33 isfitted into the pivot hole 37 b of the rear second lens frame supportplate 37. At this time, the front eccentric pin 34X-b, the fronteccentric pin 34Y-b and the front boss 8 j which project forward fromthe front fixing surface 8 c are inserted into the firstvertically-elongated hole 36 a, the horizontally-elongated hole 36 e andthe second vertically-elongated hole 36 f, respectively, and also therear eccentric pin 34X-c, the rear eccentric pin 34Y-c and the rear boss8 k which project rearward from the rear fixing surface 8 e are insertedinto the first vertically-elongated hole 37 a, thehorizontally-elongated hole 37 e and the second vertically-elongatedhole 37 f, respectively. The front eccentric pin 34X-b is movable andimmovable in the first vertically-elongated hole 36 a in the lengthwisedirection and the widthwise direction thereof (vertically andhorizontally as viewed in FIG. 110), respectively, the front eccentricpin 34Y-b is movable and immovable in the horizontally-elongated hole 36e in the lengthwise direction and the widthwise direction thereof(horizontally and vertically as viewed in FIG. 110), respectively, andthe front boss 8 j is movable and immovable in the secondvertically-elongated hole 36 f in the lengthwise direction and thewidthwise direction thereof (vertically and horizontally as viewed inFIG. 110), respectively. Likewise, the rear eccentric pin 34X-c ismovable and immovable in the first vertically-elongated hole 37 a in thelengthwise direction and the widthwise direction thereof (vertically andhorizontally as viewed in FIG. 111), respectively, the rear eccentricpin 34Y-c is movable and immovable in the horizontally-elongated hole 37e in the lengthwise direction and the widthwise direction thereof(horizontally and vertically as viewed in FIG. 111), respectively, andthe rear boss 8 k is movable and immovable in the secondvertically-elongated hole 37 f in the lengthwise direction and thewidthwise direction thereof (vertically and horizontally as viewed inFIG. 111), respectively.

Lastly, the threaded shaft portion 66 a of the set screw 66 is insertedinto the screw insertion hole 36 d and the screw insertion hole 8 h, andis screwed through the screw hole 37 d to fix the front second lensframe support plate 36 and the rear second lens frame support plate 37to the second lens group moving frame 8. In this state, screwing downthe set screw 66 with the set screw 66 being engaged in the screw hole37 d causes the front second lens frame support plate 36 and the rearsecond lens frame support plate 37 to be pressed against the frontfixing surface 8 c and the rear fixing surface 8 e, respectively, sothat the front second lens frame support plate 36 and the rear secondlens frame support plate 37 are fixed to the second lens group movingframe 8 with a spacing therebetween which corresponds to the spacingbetween the front fixing surface 8 c and the rear fixing surface 8 e inthe optical axis direction. As a result, the first eccentric shaft 34Xand the second eccentric shaft 34Y are prevented from coming off thesecond lens group moving frame 8 by the front second lens frame supportplate 36 and the rear second lens frame support plate 37. The front endof the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b is pressed against the frontsecond lens frame support plate 36 because the flange 33 a of the pivotshaft 33 contacts with the rear second lens frame support plate 37 to beprevented from moving rearward beyond the rear second lens frame supportplate 37 so that the pivot shaft 33 is biased forward in the opticalaxis direction by the spring force of the compression coil spring 38which is compressed in the spring-accommodation large diameter hole 6Zof the rear spring support portion 6 g. This maintains the position ofthe second lens frame 6 relative to the second lens group moving frame 8in the optical axis direction. In a state where the rear second lensframe support plate 37 is fixed to the second lens group moving frame 8,the guide key insertable recess 37 g communicates with the key way 8 pin the optical axis direction (see FIG. 112).

After the front second lens frame support plate 36 is fixed to thesecond lens group moving frame 8, the front spring end 39 a of the fronttorsion coil spring 39 is placed into the spring engaging recess 36 g.The rear spring end 39 b of the front torsion coil spring 39 has beenengaged with a portion of the second lens frame 6 between the pivotedcylindrical portion 6 b and the swing arm portion 6 c as mentionedabove. Placing the front spring end 39 a into the spring engaging recess36 g causes the front torsion coil spring 39 to be twisted, thus causingthe second lens frame 6 to be biased to rotate about the pivot shaft 33in a counterclockwise direction as viewed from front of the second lensframe 6 (counterclockwise as viewed in FIG. 114).

Aside from the installation of the second lens frame 6, the rotationlimit shaft 35 is inserted into the through hole 8 m of the second lensgroup moving frame 8 from the front end of the through hole 8 m. Aninner peripheral surface in the through hole 8 m is formed to preventthe rotation limit shaft 35 from being further inserted into the throughhole 8 m from the position of the rotation limit shaft 35 shown inFigures and 108 and 109. In this state where the rotation limit shaft 35is properly inserted into the through hole 8 m, the eccentric pin 35 bof the rotation limit shaft 35 projects rearward from the rear end ofthe through hole 8 m as shown in FIG. 109.

In a state where the second lens frame 6 is properly mounted to thesecond lens group moving frame 8 in the above described manner, thesecond lens frame 6 can swing about the pivot shaft 33. The pivotedcylindrical portion receiving hole 8 g of the second lens group movingframe 8 is sufficiently large so that the pivoted cylindrical portion 6b and the swing arm portion 6 c may not interfere with the inner edge inthe pivoted cylindrical portion receiving hole 8 g when the second lensframe 6 swings. Since the pivot shaft 33 extends parallel to thephotographing optical axis Z1 and the optical axis of the second lensgroup LG2, the second lens group LG2 swings about the pivot shaft 33while the optical axis thereof remaining parallel to the photographingoptical axis Z1 when the second lens frame 6 swings. One end of therange of rotation of the second lens frame 6 about the pivot shaft 33 isdetermined by the engagement of the tip of the engaging protrusion 6 ewith the eccentric pin 35 b as shown in FIG. 111. The front torsion coilspring 39 biases the second lens frame 6 to rotate in a direction tobring the tip of the engaging protrusion 6 e into contact with theeccentric pin 35 b.

Subsequently, the shutter unit 76 is fixed to the second lens groupmoving frame 8 to obtain a sub-assembly shown in FIGS. 108 through 112.As can be seen in FIGS. 108 through 112, the shutter unit 76 is fixed tothe front of the central inner flange 8 s. In this state where theshutter unit 76 is fixed to the front of the central inner flange 8 s,the front fixing surface 8 c is positioned in front of the shutter S andthe adjustable diaphragm A in the shutter unit 76 in the optical axisdirection. A front portion of the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a ofthe second lens frame 6 is positioned in the vertically-elongatedopening 8 t, and is also positioned immediately behind the shutter unit76 regardless of variation of the position of the second lens frame 6relative to the second lens group moving frame 8 as can be see in FIGS.111 and 112.

In a state where the second lens group moving frame 8 and the secondlinear guide ring 10 are coupled to each other, the flexible PWB 77 thatextends from the shutter unit 76 is installed as shown in FIG. 125. Asdescribed above, the wide linear guide key 10 c-W of the second linearguide ring 10 is engaged in the wide guide groove 8 a-W. The flexiblePWB 77, the wide guide groove 8 a-W and the wide linear guide key 10 c-Win a radial direction of the lens barrel axis Z0 are positioned in thesame position in a circumferential direction of the zoom lens 71.Namely, the flexible PWB 77, the wide guide groove 8 a-W and the widelinear guide key 10 c-W are aligned in a radial direction perpendicularto the optical axis direction. As shown in FIG. 125, the flexible PWB 77includes a first straight portion 77 a, a loop-shaped turning portion 77b, a second straight portion 77 c and a third straight portion 77 d inthis order from the side of the shutter unit 76. A bend of the flexiblePWB 77 is formed between the second straight portion 77 c and the thirdstraight portion 77 d in the vicinity of the front end of the widelinear guide key 10 c-W. From the side of the shutter unit 76 (the leftside as viewed in FIG. 125), firstly the first straight portion 77 aextends rearward in the optical axis direction from the shutter unit 76,and subsequently the flexible PWB 77 bends radially outwards to extendforward so that the loop-shaped turning portion 77 b is formed in thevicinity of the rear end of the second lens group moving frame 8 and sothat the second straight portion 77 c extends forward in the opticalaxis direction along an inner surface of the wide linear guide key 10c-W. Subsequently, the flexible PWB bends radially outwards to extendrearward so that the third straight portion 77 d extends rearward in theoptical axis direction along an outer surface of the wide linear guidekey 10 c-W. Subsequently, the tip of the third straight portion 77 d(the tip of the flexible PWB) passes through the radial through hole 10d to extend rearward, is further passed through a hole 22 q (see FIGS. 4and 40) to extend through to the outer side of the stationary barrel 22,to be connected to the control circuit 140 via a main circuit board (notshown). The third straight portion 77 d is partly fixed to the outersurface of the wide linear guide key 10 c-W by a fixing means such as adouble-faced tape (not shown) so that the size of the loop-shapedturning portion 77 b becomes variable in accordance with relative axialmovement between the second lens group moving frame 8 and the secondlinear guide ring 10.

The AF lens frame 51, which is positioned behind the second lens groupmoving frame 8, is made of an opaque material, and is provided with aforwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c, a first arm portion 51 dand a second arm portion 51 e. The first arm portion 51 d and the secondarm portion 51 e are positioned on radially opposite sides of theforwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c. The forwardly-projectinglens holder portion 51 c is positioned in front of the first arm portion51 d and the second arm portion 51 e in the optical axis direction. Thepair of guide holes 51 a and 52 a, in which the pair of AF guide shafts52 and 53 are respectively fitted, are formed on the first arm portion51 d and the second arm portion 51 e, respectively. Theforwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c is formed in a box shape(rectangular ring shape) including a substantially square-shaped frontend surface 51 c 1 and four side surfaces 51 c 3, 51 c 4, 51 c 5 and 51c 6. The front end surface 51 c 1 lies in a plane orthogonal to thephotographing optical axis Z1. The four side surfaces 51 c 3, 51 c 4, 51c 5 and 51 c 6 extend rearward in a direction substantially parallel tothe photographing optical axis Z1, toward the CCD image sensor 60, fromthe four sides of the front end surface 51 c 1. The rear end of theforwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c is formed as an open endwhich is open toward the low-pass filter LG4 the CCD image sensor 60.The forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c is provided on thefront end surface 51 c 1 thereof with a circular opening 51 c 2 thecenter of which is coincident with the photographing optical axis Z1.The third lens group LG3 is positioned inside the circular opening 51 c2. The first arm portion 51 d and the second arm portion 51 c 2 extendfrom the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c radially inopposite directions away from each other. More specifically, the firstarm portion 51 d extends from a corner of the forwardly-projecting lensholder portion 51 c between the two side surfaces 51 c 3 and 51 c 6radially in a lower-rightward direction as viewed from front of the AFlens frame 51, while the second arm portion 51 e extends from anothercorner of the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c between thetwo side surfaces 51 c 4 and 51 c 5 radially in a upper-leftwarddirection as viewed from front of the AF lens frame 51 as shown in FIG.130. As can be seen in FIGS. 128 and 129, the first arm portion 51 d isfixed to the rear end of the corner of the forwardly-projecting lensholder portion 51 c between the two side surfaces 51 c 3 and 51 c 6while the second arm portion 51 e is fixed to the rear end of the cornerof the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c between the twoside surfaces 51 c 4 and 51 c 5.

As shown in FIG. 9, radially outwards ends of the first arm portion 51 dand the second arm portion 51 e are positioned radially outside acylindrical wall 22 k of the stationary barrel 22. The pair of guideholes 51 a and 52 a are respectively formed on radially outer ends ofthe first arm portion 5 d and the second arm portion 51 e which arepositioned outside the cylindrical wall 22 k. Accordingly, the AF guideshaft 52, which is fitted in the guide hole 51 a and serves as a mainguide shaft for guiding the AF lens frame 51 in the optical axisdirection with a high positioning accuracy, is positioned outside thecylindrical wall 22 k, while the AF guide shaft 53, which is looselyfitted in the guide hole 51 b to serve as an auxiliary guide shaft forsecondarily guiding the AF lens frame 51 in the optical axis directionis also positioned outside the cylindrical wall 22 k. As shown in FIG.9, the cylindrical wall 22 k is provided on the outer peripheral surfacethereof with two radial projections 22 t 1 and 22 t 2 provided atdifferent circumferential positions. A shaft-supporting hole 22 v 1 isformed on the rear surface of the radial projection 22 t 1. Similarly, ashaft-supporting hole 22 v 2 is formed on the rear surface of the radialprojection 22 t 2. The CCD holder 21 is provided on the front surfacethereof with two shaft-supporting holes 21 v 1 and 21 v 2 which opposethe shaft-supporting holes 22 v 1 and 22 v 2 in the optical axisdirection, respectively. The front end and the rear end of the AF guideshaft 52 are supported by (fixed to) the shaft-supporting hole 22 v 1and the shaft-supporting hole 21 v 1, respectively. The front end andthe rear end of the AF guide shaft 53 are supported by (fixed to) theshaft-supporting hole 22 v 2 and the shaft-supporting hole 21 v 2,respectively.

The cylindrical wall 22 k is provided with two cutout portions 22 m and22 n (see FIG. 11) which are cut out along the AF guide shafts 52 and 53to prevent the second arm portion 51 e and the first arm portion 51 dfrom interfering with the cylindrical wall 22 k when the AF lens frame51 moves in the optical axis direction. As shown in FIGS. 122 and 130,the pair of guide holes 51 a and 52 a are positioned on radiallyopposite sides of the photographing optical axis Z1, and accordingly,the pair of AF guide shafts 52 and 53 are positioned on radiallyopposite sides of the photographing optical axis Z1.

The AF lens frame 51 can move rearward in the optical axis direction toa point (rear limit for the axial movement of the AF lens frame 51) atwhich the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c comes intocontact with the filter holder portion 21 b (see FIG. 10) formed on afront surface of the CCD holder 21. In other words, the CCD holder 21includes a stop surface (front surface of the filter holder portion 21b) which determines rear limit for the axial movement of the AF lensframe 51. In a state where the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion51 c is in contact with the filter holder portion 21 b, the front end ofthe position-control cam bar 21 a, which projects forward from the CCDholder 21, is positioned in front of the AF lens frame 51 in the opticalaxis direction (see FIGS. 121, 123 and 124). The cam-bar insertable hole36 c of the front second lens frame support plate 36 and the cam-barinsertable hole 37 c of the rear second lens frame support plate 37 arepositioned on an axis of the position-control cam bar 21 a. Namely, thecam-bar insertable hole 36 c, the cam-bar insertable hole 37 c and theposition-control cam bar 21 a are aligned in the optical axis direction.

As shown in FIGS. 103 and 104, the position-control cam bar 21 a isprovided at a front end thereof with the aforementioned retracting camsurface 21 c which is inclined with respect to the optical axisdirection, and is further provided along an inner side edge of theposition-control cam bar 21 a with a removed-position holding surface 21d which extends rearward from the retracting cam surface 21 c in theoptical axis direction. As can be seen in FIGS. 118 through 120 and 122,in which the position-control cam bar 21 a is viewed from front thereof,the position-control cam bar 21 a has a certain width in a substantiallyradial direction of the photographing optical axis Z1. The retractingcam surface 21 c is formed as an inclined surface which is inclinedforward in a direction from the radially inner side to the radiallyouter side of the position-control cam bar 21 a (i.e., from a sidecloser to the photographing optical axis Z1 to a side farther from thephotographing optical axis Z1), substantially along a widthwisedirection of the retracting cam surface 21 c. In other words, theretracting cam surface 21 c is formed as an inclined surface which isinclined forward in a direction away from the photographing optical axisZ1. In FIGS. 118 through 120, the retracting cam surface 21 c is hatchedfor the purpose of illustration. Moreover, the position-control cam bar21 a is formed so that an upper surface and a lower surface of theposition-control cam bar 21 a become a concave surface and a convexsurface, respectively, to prevent the position-control cam bar 21 a frominterfering with the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b of the second lensframe 6. In other words, the position-control cam bar 21 a is formed asa portion a cylinder centered about the pivot shaft 33 of the secondlens group 6, and the retracting cam surface 21 c is a lead surfacewhich is formed on the periphery (edge surface) of this cylinder. Theposition-control cam bar 21 a is provided on a lower surface thereofwith a guide key 21 e which is elongated in the optical axis direction.The guide key 21 e extends from the rear end of the position-control cambar 21 a to an intermediate point thereon behind the front end of theposition-control cam bar 21 a. Therefore, no part of the guide key 21 eis formed on the position-control cam bar 21 a in the vicinity of thefront end thereof. The guide key 21 e is formed to have a cross sectionshape allowed to enter the guide key insertable recess 37 g in theoptical axis direction.

Operations of the second lens group LG2, the third lens group LG3 andother associated elements, which are supported by the above describedaccommodating structure including a structure retracting the second lensframe 6 to the radially retracted position thereof, will be hereinafterdiscussed. The position of the second lens group moving frame 8 withrespect to the CCD holder 21 in the optical axis direction is determinedby a combination of the axial movement of the cam ring 11 by the camdiagrams of the plurality of inner cam grooves 11 a (11 a-1 and 11 a-2)and the axial movement of the cam ring 11 itself. The second lens groupmoving frame 8 is positioned farthest from the CCD holder 21 when thezoom lens 71 is set at about the wide-angle extremity as shown above thephotographing optical axis Z1 in FIG. 9, and is positioned closest tothe CCD holder 21 when the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state asshown in FIG. 10. The second lens frame 6 is retracted to the radiallyretracted position thereof by utilizing the retracting rearward movementof the second lens group moving frame 8 from the frontmost axial potionthereof (wide-angle extremity) to the rearmost axial position thereof(retracted position).

In the zooming range between the wide-angle extremity and the telephotoextremity, the second lens frame 6 is held still at a fixed position bythe engagement of the tip of the engaging protrusion 6 e with theeccentric pin 35 b of the rotation limit shaft 35 as shown in FIG. 111.At this time, the optical axis of the second lens group LG2 iscoincident with the photographing optical axis Z1, so that the secondlens frame 6 is in a photographing position thereof. When the secondlens frame 6 is in a photographing position thereof as shown in FIG.111, a part of the position control arm 6 j and the rear movable springend 40 b of the rear torsion coil spring 40 are exposed to the rear ofthe second lens group moving frame 8 through the cam-bar insertable hole37 c.

Upon the main switch of the digital camera 70 being turned OFF in theready-to-photograph state of the zoom lens 71, the control circuit 140drives the AF motor 160 in the lens barrel retracting direction to movethe AF lens frame 51 rearward, toward the CCD holder 21 to a rearmostposition (retracted position) thereof as shown in FIGS. 121, 123 and124. The forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c holds the thirdlens group LG3 therein in the vicinity of the front end surface 51 c 1.The space immediately behind the third lens group LG3 is provided as anopen space surrounded by the four side surfaces 51 c 3, 51 c 4, 51 c 5and 51 c 6 so that the low-pass filter LG4 and the CCD image sensor 60,which are supported by the CCD holder 21 (the filter holder portion 21b), can enter the space immediately behind the third lens group LG3 soas to reduce the space between the third lens group LG3 and the low-passfilter LG4 when the AF lens frame 51 is retracted to the rearmostposition. In a state where the AF lens frame 51 is in the rearmostposition as shown in FIG. 10, the front end of the position-control cambar 21 a is positioned in front of the AF lens frame 51 in the opticalaxis direction.

Subsequently, the control circuit 140 drives the zoom motor 150 in thelens barrel retracting direction to perform the above described lensbarrel retracting operation. Keep driving the zoom motor 150 in the lensbarrel retracting direction beyond the wide-angle extremity of the zoomlens 71 causes the cam ring 11 to move rearward in the optical axisdirection while rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0 due to engagementof the set of three roller followers 32 with the set of threethrough-slots 14 e, respectively. As can be understood from therelationship shown in FIG. 17 between the plurality of inner cam grooves11 a and the plurality of cam followers 8 b, even though the second lensgroup moving frame 8 is positioned closer to the front of the zoom lens71 in the optical axis direction relative to the cam ring 11 when thezoom lens 71 is in the retracted position than that when the zoom lens71 is in the wide-angle extremity, the second lens group moving frame 8comes near the CCD holder 21 when the zoom lens 71 is in the retractedstate because the amount or rearward movement of the cam ring 11relative to the stationary barrel 22 is greater than the amount offorward movement of the second lens group moving frame 8 in the cam ring11 relative to the cam ring 11 in the lens barrel retracting operation.

A further retracting movement of the second lens group moving frame 8together with the second lens frame 6 causes the front end of theposition-control cam bar 21 a to enter the cam-bar insertable hole 37 c(see FIG. 105). As described above, a part of the position control arm 6j and the rear movable spring end 40 b of the rear torsion coil spring40 are exposed to the rear of the second lens group moving frame 8through the cam-bar insertable hole 37 c as shown in FIG. 111. FIG. 118shows the positional relationship at this time among the positioncontrol arm 6 j, the rear movable spring end 40 b and theposition-control cam bar 21 a, viewed from the front of the zoom lens71. The rear movable spring end 40 b is positioned closer to theposition-control cam bar 21 a than the position control arm 6 j (exceptfor a protrusion formed thereon for the formation of the first springengaging hole 6 k) in a radial direction of the photographing opticalaxis Z1. On the other hand, the retracting cam surface 21 c is formed asan inclined surface which is inclined forward in a direction away fromthe photographing optical axis Z1. A frontmost portion of the retractingcam surface 21 c is positioned immediately behind the rear movablespring end 40 b of the rear torsion coil spring 40 in the state shown inFIG. 118. A rearward movement of the second lens frame 6 together withthe second lens group moving frame 8 toward the CCD holder 21 with thepositional relationship shown in FIG. 118 being maintained causes theretracting cam surface 21 c to come into contact with the rear movablespring end 40 b, not the position control arm 6 j of the second lensframe 6. FIG. 123 shows the position of the second lens frame 6 at thetime immediately before the rear movable spring end 40 b comes intocontact with the retracting cam surface 21 c.

A further rearward movement of the second lens frame 6 together with thesecond lens group moving frame 8 with the rear movable spring end 40 bremaining in contact with the retracting cam surface 21 c causes therear movable spring end 40 b to slide on the retracting cam surface 21 cin a clockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 118 in accordance with theshape of the retracting cam surface 21 c. This clockwise rotation of therear movable spring end 40 b is transferred to the second lens group 6via the front stationary spring end 40 a. The spring force (rigidity) ofthe rear torsion coil spring 40 is predetermined to be capable oftransferring a torque from the rear movable spring end 40 b to thesecond lens group 6 via the front stationary spring end 40 a without thefront stationary spring end 40 a and the rear movable spring end 40 bbeing further pressed to move in opposite directions approaching eachother than those shown in FIGS. 118 through 120. Namely, the resiliencyof the rear torsion coil spring 40 is determined to be greater than thatof the front torsion coil spring 39 at the time the front torsion coilspring 39 holds the second lens frame 6 in the photographing position.

Upon receiving a turning force from the retracting cam surface 21 c viathe rear torsion coil spring 40, the second lens group 6 rotates aboutthe pivot shaft 33 against the spring force of the front torsion coilspring 39 from the photographing position shown in FIG. 111 toward theradially retracted position shown in FIG. 112 in accordance with theretracting movement of the second lens group moving frame 8. With thisrotation of the second lens group 6, the rear movable spring end 40 b ofthe rear torsion coil spring 40 slides on the retracting cam surface 21c from the position shown in FIG. 118 to the position shown in FIG. 119.Upon the second lens frame 6 rotating to the radially retracted positionshown in FIG. 112, the rear movable spring end 40 b moves from theretracting cam surface 21 c to the removed-position holding surface 21 dto be engaged therewith. Thereafter, the second lens frame 6 is notrotated about the pivot shaft 33 in a direction to the radiallyretracted position by a retracting movement of the second lens groupmoving frame 8. In a state where the second lens frame 6 is held in theradially retracted position as shown in FIG. 112, an outer peripheralportion of the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a enters the radialrecess 8 q while an outer edge of the engaging protrusion 6 e enters thesecond radial recess 8 r of the second lens group moving frame 8.

After the second lens frame 6 reaches the radially retracted position,the second lens group moving frame 8 continues to move rearward untilreaching the retracted position shown in FIG. 10. During this rearwardmovement of the second lens group moving frame 8, the second lens group6 moves rearward together with the second lens group moving frame 8 tothe position shown in FIG. 124 with the second lens group 6 held in theradially retracted position, in which the rear movable spring end 40 bremains in engaged with the retracting cam surface 21 c. At this time,the front end of the position-control cam bar 21 a projects forward fromthe cam-bar insertable hole 37 c through the cam-bar insertable hole 36c and the pivoted cylindrical portion receiving hole 8 g.

As shown in FIGS. 10 and 124, in the retracted state of the zoom lens71, the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a of the second lens frame 6has moved into the space immediately above the forwardly-projecting lensholder portion 51 c, the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 chas moved into that space in the second lens group moving frame 8 inwhich the second lens group LG2 is positioned in the ready-to-photographstate of the zoom lens 71, and the third lens group LG3 is positionedimmediately behind the shutter unit 76. In addition, the low-pass filterLG4 and the CCD image sensor 60 have entered the forwardly-projectinglens holder portion 51 c from the rear thereof by a rearward movement ofthe forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c, and accordingly, thespace between the third lens group LG3 and the low-pass filter LG4 andalso the space between the third lens group LG3 and the CCD image sensor60 in the optical axis direction are smaller in the retracted state ofthe zoom lens 71 than those in the ready-to-photograph state of the zoomlens 71 as can be seen by making a comparison between FIGS. 9 and 10.Namely, in the retracted state of the zoom lens 71, the second lensgroup LG2 is positioned in the space radially outside the space in whichthe third lens group LG3, the low-pass filter LG4 and the CCD imagesensor 60 are positioned. In a conventional photographing lens barrelincluding a plurality of optical elements in which one or more movableoptical elements thereof are moved only along a photographing opticalaxis, it is impossible to make the length of the photographing lensbarrel smaller than the sum of the thicknesses of all the plurality ofoptical elements. However, according to the accommodating structure ofthe zoom lens 71, it is substantially unnecessary to secure any spacefor accommodating the second lens group LG2 on the photographing opticalaxis Z1. This makes it possible to make the length of the zoom lens 71smaller than the sum of the thicknesses of all the plurality of opticalelements of the zoom lens 71.

In the present embodiment of the zoom lens, the AF lens frame 51 hasvarious features in its shape and supporting structure that make itpossible to retract the zoom lens 71 in the camera body 72 in a highlyspace-saving fashion. Such features will be hereinafter discussed indetail.

The AF guide shaft 52, which serves as a main guide shaft for guidingthe AF lens frame 51 in the optical axis direction with a highpositioning accuracy, and the AF guide shaft 53, which serves as anauxiliary guide shaft for secondarily guiding the AF lens frame 51 inthe optical axis direction, are positioned outside cylindrical wall 22 kof the stationary barrel 22 on radially opposite sides of thephotographing optical axis Z1 (at positions not interfering with any ofthe movable lens groups of the zoom lens 71). This structure of the AFlens frame 51 contributes to a reduction of the length of the zoom lens71 when the zoom lens 71 is retracted into the camera body 72 becauseneither the AF guide shaft 52 nor the AF guide shaft 53 becomes anobstruction which interferes with one or more of the first through thirdlens groups LG1, LG2 and LG3 and the low-pass filter LG4.

In other words, according to such a structure of the AF lens frame 51,since the pair of AF guide shafts 52 and 53 can be disposed freelywithout being subject to constraints by moving parts positioned in thestationary barrel 22 such as the second lens frame 6, the effectivelength of each of the AF guide shafts 52 and 53 for guiding the AF lensframe 51 in the optical axis direction can be made long enough to guidethe AF lens frame 51 in the optical axis direction with a highpositioning accuracy. As can be seen in FIGS. 9 and 10, the LCD panel 20is positioned immediately behind the zoom lens barrel 71 (on a rearwardextension line of the optical axis Z1) while the pair of AF guide shafts52 and 53 are positioned outside the LCD panel 20 in radial directionsof the lens barrel axis Z0. This arrangement achieves the pair of AFguide shafts 52 and 53 having long axial lengths which are largelyextended even toward the rear of the camera body 72 without interferingwith the LCD panel 20 that is comparatively large in dimension. Inpractice, the rear end of the AF guide shaft 52 is extended to aposition below the LCD panel 20 in the camera body 72 as shown in FIG.9.

Additionally, an annular space which is surrounded by the outerperipheral surface of the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c,the first arm portion 51 d, the second arm portion 51 e and the innerperipheral surface of the stationary barrel 22 (the AF guide shafts 52and 53) is secured due to the structure wherein the AF lens frame 51 isshaped so that the first arm portion 51 d extends radially outwards fromthe rear end of the corner of the forwardly-projecting lens holderportion 51 c between the two side surfaces 51 c 3 and 51 c 6 and so thatthe second arm portion 51 e extends radially outwards from the rear endof the corner of the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 cbetween the two side surfaces 51 c 4 and 51 c 5. This annular space isused to accommodate not only the second lens group LG2 but also rear endportions of annular members such as the first through third externalbarrels 12, 13 and 15 and the helicoid ring 18 to maximize theutilization of the internal space of the camera body 72. Moreover, theannular space contributes to a further retraction of the zoom lens 71 inthe camera body 72 (see FIG. 10). If the AF lens frame 51 does not havethe above described space-saving structure, e.g., if each of the firstand second arm portions 51 d and 51 e is formed on theforwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c to extend radially from anaxially intermediate portion or an axially front end portion thereofunlike the present embodiment of the zoom lens, such elements as thesecond lens group L2 cannot be retracted to their respective positionsshown in FIG. 10.

In addition, in the present embodiment of the zoom lens, the AF lensframe 51 is constructed so that the third lens group LG3 is supported bythe forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c in a front end spacethereof and so that the low-pass filter LG4 and the CCD image sensor 60are accommodated in the space in the rear of the forwardly-projectinglens holder portion 51 c in the retracted state of the zoom lens 71.This further maximizes the utilization of the internal space of the zoomlens 71.

Upon the main switch of the digital camera 70 being turned ON in theretracted state of the zoom lens 71, the control circuit 140 drives theAF motor 160 in the lens barrel advancing direction so that the abovedescribed moving parts operate in the reverse manner to the abovedescribed retracting operations. The cam ring 11 advances while rotatingrelative to the first linear guide ring 14 and at the same time thesecond lens group moving frame 8 and the first external barrel 12advance together with the cam ring 11 without rotating relative to thefirst linear guide ring 14. At an initial stage of the advancement ofthe second lens group moving frame 8, the second lens frame 6 remains inthe radially retracted position since the rear movable spring end 40 bis still engaged with the removed-position holding surface 21 d. Afurther forward movement of the second lens group moving frame 8 causesthe rear movable spring end 40 b to firstly reach the front end of theposition-control cam bar 21 a and subsequently be disengaged from theremoved-position holding surface 21 d to be engaged with the retractingcam surface 21 c as shown in FIG. 120. At this stage, the cylindricallens holder portion 6 a of the second lens frame 6 has moved ahead ofthe forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c in the optical axisdirection, so that the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a does notinterfere with the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c even ifthe second lens frame 6 commences to rotate about the pivot shaft 33 ina direction to the photographing position. A further forward movement ofthe second lens group moving frame 8 causes the rear movable spring end40 b to slide on the retracting cam surface 21 c so that the second lensframe 6 starts rotating from the radially retracted position to thephotographing position by the spring force of the front torsion coilspring 39.

A further forward movement of the second lens group moving frame 8firstly causes the rear movable spring end 40 b to keep sliding on theretracting cam surface 21 c in a direction away from theremoved-position holding surface 21 d (left to right as viewed in FIG.118), and subsequently causes the rear movable spring end 40 b to bedisengaged from the retracting cam surface 21 c upon the rear movablespring end 40 b moving to a predetermined point on the retracting camsurface 21 c. At this time, the relative position between the rearmovable spring end 40 b and the retracting cam surface 21 c as viewedfrom front of the second lens frame 6 corresponds to that shown in FIG.118. As a result, the second lens frame 6 becomes totally free from theconstraint of the position-control cam bar 21 a. Consequently, thesecond lens frame 6 is held in the photographing position as shown inFIG. 111 with the tip of the engaging protrusion 6 e being in pressingcontact with the eccentric pin 35 b of the rotation limit shaft 35 bythe spring force of the front torsion coil spring 39. Namely, theoptical axis of the second lens group LG2 coincides with thephotographing optical axis Z1. The second lens frame 6 finishes rotatingfrom the radially retracted position to the photographing position bythe time the zoom lens 71 has been extended to the wide-angle extremitywhen the main switch of the digital camera 70 is turned ON.

Although the AF lens frame 51 moves forward from its rearmost positionwhen the zoom lens 71 changes from the retracted state shown in FIG. 10to the ready-to-photograph state shown in FIG. 9, theforwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c still covers the front ofthe low-pass filter LG4 and the CCD image sensor 60 even in theready-to-photograph state shown in FIG. 9 so that the front end surface51 c 1 and the four side surfaces 51 c 3, 51 c 4, 51 c 5 and 51 c 6 canprevent unnecessary light such as stray light from being incident on thelow-pass filter LG4 and the CCD image sensor 60 through any part otherthan the third lens group LG3. Accordingly, the forwardly-projectinglens holder portion 51 c of the AF lens frame 51 serves as not only amember for supporting the third lens group LG3 but also a member foraccommodating the low-pass filter LG4 and the CCD 60 in the retractedstate of the zoom lens 71, and also a light shield member for preventingunnecessary light such as stray light from being incident on thelow-pass filter LG4 and the CCD image sensor 60 in theready-to-photograph state of the zoom lens 71.

In general, a structure supporting a movable lens group of aphotographing lens system must be precise so as not to deteriorate theoptical performance of the photographing lens system. In the presentembodiment of the zoom lens, each of the second lens frame 6 and thepivot shaft 33, in particular, is required to have high dimensionalaccuracy which is several orders of magnitude higher than those ofsimple movable elements since the second lens group LG2 is driven to notonly move along the photographing optical axis Z1 but also rotate toretract to the radially retracted position. For instance, with theshutter unit 76 (having exposure control devices such as the shutter Sand the diaphragm A) provided inside the second lens group moving frame8, if a pivot shaft corresponding to the pivot shaft 33 is provided infront of or behind the shutter unit 76, the length of the pivot shaftwould be limited, or would make the pivot shaft act as a cantilever typepivot shaft. Nevertheless, since it is necessary to secure a minimumclearance allowing the pivot shaft (such as the pivot shaft 33) and athrough hole (such as the through hole 6 d) into which the pivot shaftis fitted to rotate relative to each other, such a clearance may causethe axis of the through hole to tilt relative to the axis of the pivotshaft if the pivot shaft is a short shaft or a cantilever pivot shaft.Even if within tolerance in a conventional lens supporting structure,such a tilt must be prevented from occurring in the present embodimentof the zoom lens because each of the second lens frame 6 and the pivotshaft 33 is required to have a very high dimensional accuracy.

In the above described retracting structure for the second lens frame 6,since it can be seen in FIGS. 108, 109 and 113 that the front secondlens frame support plate 36 and the rear second lens frame support plate37 are respectively fixed to the front fixing surface 8 c and the rearfixing surface 8 e, which are respectively positioned on front and rearof the shutter unit 76 in the optical axis direction, and that the pivotshaft 33 is disposed to extend between the front second lens framesupport plate 36 and the rear second lens frame support plate 37, boththe front end and the rear end of the pivot shaft 33 are supported bythe front second lens frame support plate 36 and the rear second lensframe support plate 37, respectively. Accordingly, the axis of the pivotshaft 33 does not easily tilt with respect to the axis of the throughhole 6 d of the second lens frame 6. Moreover, the pivot shaft 33 can belengthened regardless of the shutter unit 76 (without interfering withthe shutter unit 76) since the front second lens frame support plate 36,the rear second lens frame support plate 37 and the pivoted cylindricalportion receiving hole 8 g, which serve as elements of the structuresupporting the pivot shaft 33, are positioned not to overlap the shutterunit 76. In fact, the pivot shaft 33 is elongated so that the lengththereof becomes close to the length of the second lens group movingframe 8 in the optical axis direction. In accordance with the length ofthe pivot shaft 33, the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 b is elongated inthe optical axis direction. Namely, a wide range of engagement in theaxial direction is secured between the pivoted cylindrical portion 6 band the pivot shaft 33. With this structure, there is little possibilityof the second lens frame 6 from tilting with respect to the pivot shaft33, which makes it possible to rotate the second lens frame 6 about thepivot shaft 33 with a high degree of positioning accuracy.

The front boss 8 j and the rear boss 8 k that project from the frontfixing surface 8 c and the rear fixing surface 8 e determine theposition of the front second lens frame support plate 36 and theposition of the rear second lens frame support plate 37, respectively,and the front and rear second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 arefirmly fixed to the second lens group moving frame 8 by the common setscrew 66. With this structure, the front and rear second lens framesupport plates 36 and 37 are positioned relative to the second lensgroup moving frame 8 with a high degree of positioning accuracy.Therefore, the pivot pin 33 is also positioned relative to the secondlens group moving frame 8 with a high degree of positioning accuracy.

In the present embodiment of the zoom lens, the set of three extensions8 d are formed on the front end surface of the second lens group movingframe 8 in front of the front fixing surface 8 c, whereas the rearfixing surface 8 e is flush with the rear end surface of the second lensgroup moving frame 8. Namely, the front fixing surface 8 c is not formedon the frontmost end surface of the second lens group moving frame 8.However, if the second lens group moving frame 8 is formed as a simplecylindrical member having no projections such as the set of threeextensions 8 d, the front and rear second lens frame support plates 36and 37 can be fixed to frontmost and rearmost end surfaces of the simplecylindrical member, respectively.

In the above described retracting structure for the second lens frame 6,if the range of movement of the second lens group moving frame 8 in theoptical axis direction from the position corresponding to the wide-angleextremity to the retracted position is fully used to rotate the secondlens frame 6 about the pivot shaft 33 from the photographing position tothe radially retracted position, the second lens frame 6 will interferewith the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c of the AF lensframe 51 on the way to the radially retracted position. To prevent thisproblem from occurring, in the above described retracting structure forthe second lens frame 6, the second lens frame 6 finishes rotating tothe radially retracted position within an axial range of movementsufficiently shorter than the range of movement of the second lens groupmoving frame 8 in the optical axis direction, and subsequently thecylindrical lens holder portion 6 a of the second lens frame 6 movesrearward in parallel in the optical axis direction to the spaceimmediately above the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c.Therefore, the space for the parallel displacement of the cylindricallens holder portion 6 a to the space immediately above theforwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c must be secured in thezoom lens 71. In order for the second lens frame 8 to secure asufficient range of rotation from the photographing position to theradially retracted position within a short range of movement in theoptical axis direction, it is necessary to increase the inclination ofthe retracting cam surface 21 c, that is formed on the front end of theposition-control cam bar 21 a of the CCD holder 21, with respect to thedirection of movement of the second lens group moving frame 8, i.e.,with respect to the optical axis direction. While the retracting camsurface 21 c that is formed in such a manner presses the rear movablespring end 40 b during the rearward movement of the second lens group 8,a great reaction force is exerted on the position-control cam bar 21 aand the second lens group moving frame 8; such a reaction force isgreater than that in the case where a cam surface (which corresponds tothe cam surface 21 c) the inclination of which with respect to thedirection of movement of the second lens group moving frame 8 is smallpresses the rear movable spring end 40 b during the rearward movement ofthe second lens group 8.

The position-control cam bar 21 a is a fixed member just like thestationary barrel 22, whereas the second lens group moving frame 8 is alinearly movable member; the second lens group moving frame 8 is guidedlinearly without rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0 indirectly bythe stationary barrel 22 via such intermediate members as the first andsecond linear guide rings 14 and 10, not directly by the stationarybarrel 22. A clearance exits in each of the following two engagements:the engagement of the second lens group moving frame 8 with the secondlinear guide ring 10 and the engagement of the second linear guide ring10 with the second linear guide ring 14. Due to this reason, it has tobe taken into account that such clearances may cause the second lensgroup moving frame 8 and the CCD holder 21 to become misaligned in theplane orthogonal to the lens barrel axis Z0 to thereby exert an averseeffect on the retracting operation for the second lens frame 6 from thephotographing position to the radially retracted position if a greatreaction force is exerted on the position-control cam bar 21 a and thesecond lens group moving frame 8. For instance, if the second lens frame6 rotates beyond an original radial-outer limit thereof (see FIG. 112)for the rotational movement of the second lens frame 6 about the pivotshaft 33 when rotated from the photographing position to the radiallyretracted position, the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a mayinterfere with an inner peripheral surface of the second lens groupmoving frame 8. Likewise, if the second lens frame 6 stops rotatingbefore the original radial-outer limit when rotated from thephotographing position to the radially retracted position, i.e., if thesecond lens frame 6 does not rotate to the original radial-outer limitwhen rotated from the photographing position to the radially retractedposition, the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a may interfere with theAF lens frame 51 and others.

The position-control cam bar 21 a and the second lens group moving frame8 are prevented from being misaligned by inserting the guide key 21 einto the guide key insertable recess 37 g to hold the second lens frame6 precisely in the radially retracted position when the second lensframe 6 rotates from the photographing position to the radiallyretracted position (see FIG. 106). Specifically, when the second lensgroup moving frame 8 is in the process of retracting toward theretracted position with the second lens frame 6 having been held in theradially retracted position by the engagement of the rear movable springend 40 b of the rear torsion coil spring 40 with the removed-positionholding surface 21 d, the guide key 21 e enters the key way 8 p of thesecond lens group moving frame 8 from the rear end thereof through theguide key insertable recess 37 g. Since the guide key 21 e and the keyway 8 p are an elongated projection and an elongated groove which extendin the optical axis direction, the guide key 21 e is freely movablerelative to the key way 8 p in the optical axis direction and preventedfrom moving in a widthwise direction of the key way 8 p when the guidekey 21 e is engaged in the key way 8 p. Due to this structure, even if acomparatively great reaction force is exerted on the second lens groupmoving frame 8 while the retracting cam surface 21 c presses the rearmovable spring end 40 b, the engagement of the guide key 21 e with thekey way 8 p prevents the second lens group moving frame 8 and theposition-control cam bar 21 a from being misaligned in the planeorthogonal to the lens barrel axis Z0. Consequently, the second lensframe 6 is held precisely in the radially retracted position when thesecond lens frame 6 rotates from the photographing position to theradially retracted position.

Although the guide key 21 e commences to be engaged in the key way 8 pafter the second lens frame 6 has been rotated to the radially retractedposition in the present embodiment of the zoom lens, the guide key 21 ecan commence to be engaged in the key way 8 p before the second lensframe 6 has been rotated to the radially retracted position or duringthe retracting movement of the second lens frame 6 toward the radiallyretracted position. In short, the second lens group moving frame 8 andthe position-control cam bar 21 a have only to be precisely aligned atthe time when the second lens frame 6 is held in the radially retractedposition after all. The timing of commencement of the engagement betweenthe guide key 21 e with the key way 8 p can be freely determined by,e.g., changing the axial range of formation of the guide key 21 e in theoptical axis direction.

It is possible that the guide key 21 e and the key way 8 p be replacedby a key way corresponding to the key way 8 p and a guide keycorresponding to the guide key 21 e, respectively.

Although the guide key 21 e is formed on the position-control cam bar 21a which includes the retracting cam surface 21 c in the aboveillustrated embodiment, an element corresponding to the guide key 21 ecan be formed on any portion on the CCD holder 21 other than theposition-control cam bar 21 a. However, from a structural point of view,it is desirable that the guide key 21 e be formed together with theretracting cam surface 21 c on the position-control cam bar 21 a. Inaddition, to align the second lens group moving frame 8 and theposition-control cam bar 21 a precisely, it is desirable that the guidekey 21 e be formed on the position-control cam bar 21 a which serves asan engaging portion which is engageable with the second lens frame 6through the side second lens group moving frame 8.

Not only the aforementioned reaction force which is exerted on thesecond lens group moving frame 8 while the retracting cam surface 21 cpresses the rear movable spring end 40 b, but also the positioningaccuracy of each element of the retracting structure for the second lensframe 6 exert an adverse influence on the operating accuracy of thesecond lens frame 6. As described above, it is undesirable if the rangeof rotation of the second lens frame 6 about the pivot shaft 33 from thephotographing position to the radially retracted position is eitherexcessive or insufficient. However, if a force which may retract thesecond lens frame 6 beyond the radially retracted position shown in FIG.112 is applied to the second lens frame 6, a mechanical stress isapplied to the retracting structure for the second lens frame 6 becausecylindrical lens holder portion 6 a and the engaging protrusion 6 e arebrought very close to an inner peripheral surface of the second lensgroup moving frame 8 in the retracted state of the zoom lens 71 toachieve a space-saving retracting structure for the second lens frame 6(see FIG. 112). Accordingly, it is required to prevent such a mechanicalstress from being applied to the retracting structure for the secondlens frame 6.

To prevent such mechanical stress from being applied to the retractingstructure for the second lens frame 6, rather than the position controlarm 6 j of the pivoted cylindrical portion, the rear movable spring end40 b of the rear torsion coil spring 40 serves as a portion which is tobe engageable with the retracting cam surface 21 c and theremoved-position holding surface 21 d when the second lens frame 6retracts from the photographing position to the radially retractedposition so that a slight error in movement of the second lens group 6is absorbed by a resilient deformation of the rear torsion coil spring40. Although the rear torsion coil spring 40 transfers a torque from therear movable spring end 40 b to the second lens group 6 via the frontstationary spring end 40 a without the front stationary spring end 40 aand the rear movable spring end 40 b being further pressed to move inopposite directions approaching each other than those shown in FIGS. 118through 120 as mentioned above in a normal retracting operation of thezoom lens 71, the rear movable spring end 40 b is further pressed tomove in a direction approaching the front stationary spring end 40 athan the rear movable spring end 40 b shown in FIGS. 118 through 120within the range q1 shown in FIG. 120 if the position-control cam bar 21a slightly deviates leftward, as viewed in FIG. 120 from the originalposition shown in FIG. 120, since the rear movable spring end 40 b isallowed to move in the first spring engaging hole 6 k in the range q1 asmentioned above. Accordingly, such a movement of the rear movable springend 40 b within the range NR1 can absorb the deviation of theposition-control cam bar 21 a from the original position thereof.Namely, even if the position-control cam bar 21 a further presses therear movable spring end 40 b in a state where the cylindrical lensholder portion 6 a and the engaging protrusion 6 e are in contact withan inner peripheral surface of the second lens frame moving frame 8 (ina state where an outer peripheral portion of the cylindrical lens holderportion 6 a and an outer edge of the engaging protrusion 6 e haveentered the radial recess 8 q and the second radial recess 8 r,respectively), an excessive mechanical stress is prevented from beingapplied to the retracting structure for the second lens frame 6 by aresilient deformation of the rear torsion coil spring 40.

In the retracting structure for the second lens frame 6, when the secondlens frame 6 is in the radially retracted position as shown in FIG. 112,a radially outside surface of the swing arm portion 6 c is positioned toadjoin the bottom of the wide guide groove 8 a-W to partly close thebottom of the wide guide groove 8 a-W. In other words, the bottom of thewide guide groove 8 a-W is formed on the radially outside of anintermediate point of a line extending between the axis of the pivotshaft 33 and the retracted optical axis Z2 of the second lens group LG2,and a part of the flexible PWB 77 is positioned in the wide guide groove8 a-W. Due to this structure, the swing arm portion 6 c supports thispart of the flexible PWB 77 from inside the second lens group movingframe 8 as shown in FIG. 112 when the second lens frame 6 is positionedin the radially retracted position. FIG. 126 shows the flexible PWB 77and the second lens frame 6 by solid lines when the second lens frame 6is positioned in the radially retracted position, and shows the secondlens frame 6 by two-dot chain lines when the second lens frame 6 ispositioned in the photographing position. It can be understood from FIG.126 that the swing arm portion 6 c prevents the flexible PWB 77 fromcurving radially inwards by pushing the first straight portion 77 a andthe loop-shaped turning portion 77 b of the flexible PWB 77 radiallyoutwards

Specifically, the swing arm portion 6 c is provided on a radially outersurface thereof with a straight flat surface 6 q, and is furtherprovided immediately behind the straight flat surface 6 q with anoblique surface 6 r. The rear projecting portion 6 m projects rearwardin the optical axis direction from a portion of the swing arm portion 6c immediately behind the straight flat surface 6 q (see FIG. 105). Inthe retracted state of the zoom lens 71, the straight flat surface 6 qpushes the first straight portion 77 a radially outwards while theoblique surface 6 r and the rear projecting portion 6 m push theloop-shaped turning portion 77 b radially outwards. The oblique surface6 r is inclined to correspond to a curve of the loop-shaped turningportion 77 b.

In typical retractable lenses, in the case where a flexible PWB extendsbetween a movable element guided in an optical axis direction and afixed element, the flexible PWB needs to be sufficiently long to coverthe full range of movement of the movable element. Therefore, theflexible PWB tends to sag when the amount of advancement of the movableelement is minimum, i.e., when the retractable lens is in the retractedstate. Such a tendency of the flexible PWB is especially strong in thepresent embodiment of the zoom lens because the length of the zoom lens71 is greatly reduced in the retracted state thereof by retracting thesecond lens group so that it is positioned on the retracted optical axisZ2 and also by adopting a three-stage telescoping structure for the zoomlens 71. Since interference of any sag of the flexible PWB with internalelements of the retractable lens or jamming of a sagging portion of theflexible PWB into internal elements of the retractable lens may cause afailure of the retractable lens, it is necessary for the retractablelens to be provided with a structure preventing such problems associatedwith the flexible PWB from occurring. However, this preventing structureis generally complicated in conventional retractable lenses. In thepresent embodiment of the zoom lens 71, in the view of the fact that theflexible PWB 77 tends to sag when the zoom lens 71 is in the retractedstate, the loop-shaped turning portion 77 b is pushed radially outwardsby the second lens frame 6 positioned in the radially retractedposition, which reliably prevents the flexible PWB 77 from sagging witha simple structure.

In the retracting structure for the second lens frame 6 in the presentembodiment of the zoom lens, the moving path of the second lens frame 6from the photographing position to the radially retracted positionextends obliquely from a point (front point) on the photographingoptical axis Z1 to a point (rear point) behind the front point and abovethe photographing optical axis Z1 because the second lens frame 6 movesrearward in the optical axis direction while rotating about the pivotshaft 33. On the other hand, the AF lens frame 51 is provided thereonbetween the front end surface 51 c 1 and the side surface 51 c 5 with arecessed oblique surface 51 h. The recessed oblique surface 51 h isinclined in a radially outward direction from the photographing opticalaxis Z1 from front to rear of the optical axis direction. The edge ofthe forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c between the front endsurface 51 c 1 and the side surface 51 c 5 is cut out along a movingpath of the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a so as to form therecessed oblique surface 51 h. Moreover, the recessed oblique surface 51h is formed as a concave surface which corresponds to the shape of anassociated outer surface of the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a.

As described above, the AF lens frame 51 moves rearward to the rearlimit for the axial movement thereof (i.e., the retracted position), atwhich the AF lens frame 51 (forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51c) comes into contact with the filter holder portion 21 b (stopsurface), before the commencement of retracting movement of the secondlens frame 6 from the photographing position to the radially retractedposition. In the state shown in FIG. 123 in which the AF lens frame 51is in contact with the filter holder portion 21 b while the second lensframe 6 has not commenced to retract from the photographing position tothe radially retracted position, if the second lens frame 6 startsmoving rearward in the optical axis direction while rotating about thepivot shaft 33 to retract to the radially retracted position, the rearend of the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a firstly moves obliquelyrearward while approaching the recessed oblique surface 51 h, andsubsequently further moves obliquely rearward while just missing(passing closely across) the recessed oblique surface 51 h to finallyreach a fully retracted position shown in FIG. 124. Namely, theretracting operation for the second lens frame 6 from the photographingposition to the radially retracted position can be performed at a closerpoint to the AF lens frame 51 in the optical axis directionsubstantially by the amount by which the oblique surface 51 h isrecessed.

If the recessed oblique surface 51 h or a similar surface is not formedon the AF lens frame 51, the retracting operation for the second lensframe 6 from the photographing position to the radially retractedposition has to be completed at an earlier stage than that in theillustrated embodiment to prevent the cylindrical lens holder portion 6a from interfering with the AF lens frame 51. To this end, it isnecessary to increase the amount of rearward movement of the second lensgroup moving frame 8 or the amount of projection of the position-controlcam bar 21 a from the CCD holder 22; this runs counter to furtherminiaturization of the zoom lens 71. If the amount of rearward movementof the second lens group moving frame 8 is fixed, the inclination of theretracting cam surface 21 c with respect to the photographing axisdirection has to be increased. However, if this inclination isexcessively large, the reaction force which is exerted on theposition-control cam bar 21 a and the second lens group moving frame 8while the retracting cam surface 21 c presses the rear movable springend 40 b is increased. Accordingly, it is undesirable that theinclination of the retracting cam surface 21 c be increased to prevent ajerky motion from occurring in the retracting operation for the secondlens frame 6. In contrast, in the present embodiment of the zoom lens,the retracting movement of the second lens frame 6 from thephotographing position to the radially retracted position can beperformed even after the AF lens frame 51 has retracted at a point veryclose to the AF lens frame 51 due to the formation of the recessedoblique surface 51 h. Therefore, even if the amount of rearward movementof the second lens group moving frame 8 is limited, the retracting camsurface 21 c does not have to be shaped to be inclined largely withrespect to the optical axis direction. This makes it possible to achievefurther miniaturization of the zoom lens 71 with a smoothing of theretracting movement of the second lens group moving frame 8. Similar tothe AF lens frame 51, the CCD holder 21 is provided on a top surfacethereof behind the recessed oblique surface 51 h with a recessed obliquesurface 21 f the shape of which is similar to the shape of the recessedoblique surface 51 h. The recessed oblique surface 51 h and the recessedoblique surface 21 f are successively formed along a moving path of thecylindrical lens holder portion 6 a to be shaped like a single obliquesurface. Although the AF lens frame 51 serves as a movable member guidedin the optical axis direction in the illustrated embodiment, a lensframe similar to the AF lens frame 51 can be provided with a recessedoblique surface corresponding to the recessed oblique surface 51 h toincorporate features similar to the above described features of therecessed oblique surface 51 h even if the lens frame similar to the AFlens frame 51 is of a type which is not guided in an optical axisdirection.

As can be understood from the above descriptions, the retractingstructure for the second lens frame 6 is designed so that the secondlens frame 6 does not interfere with the AF lens frame 51 when movingrearwards while retracting radially outwards to the radially retractedposition in a state where the AF lens frame 51 has retracted to the rearlimit (the retracted position) for the axial movement of the AF lensframe 51 as shown in FIGS. 123 and 124. In this state, upon the mainswitch being turned OFF, the control circuit 140 drives the AF motor 160in the lens barrel retracting direction to move the AF lens frame 51rearward the retracted position thereof. However, if the AF lens frame51 does not retract to the retracted position accidentally for somereason upon the main switch being turned OFF, the AF lens frame 51 mayinterfere with the moving path of the second lens group 6 which is inthe middle of moving rearward together with the second lens group movingframe 8 while rotating to the radially retracted position (see FIGS. 127and 129).

To prevent such a problem from occurring, the zoom lens 71 is providedwith a fail-safe structure. Namely, the second lens frame 6 is providedon the swing arm portion 6 c with the rear projecting portion 6 m thatprojects rearward, beyond the rear end of the second lens group LG2, inthe optical axis direction, while the AF lens frame 51 is provided, onthat portion of the front end surface 51 c 1 of the forwardly-projectinglens holder portion 51 c which faces the rear projecting portion 6 m,with a rib-like elongated protrusion 51 f which projects forward fromthe front end surface 51 c 1 (see FIGS. 123, 124 and 127 through 130).As shown in FIG. 130, the elongated protrusion 51 f is elongatedvertically, and is formed to lie in a plane orthogonal to thephotographing optical axis Z1 to correspond to the range of rotation ofthe rear projecting portion 6 m (the contacting surface 6 n) about thepivot shaft 33 at the rotation of the second lens frame 6 from thephotographing position to the radially retracted position. The rearprojecting portion 6 m and the rib-like elongated protrusion 51 f areelements of the aforementioned fail-safe structure.

With the fail-safe structure, even if the second lens frame 6 startsretracting to the radially retracted position in a state where the AFlens frame 51 does not retract to the retracted position and stops shortof the retracted position accidentally upon the main switch being turnedOFF, the contacting surface 6 n of the rear projecting portion 6 msurely comes into contact with the rib-like elongated protrusion 51 f ofthe AF lens frame 51 first. This prevents the second lens group LG2 fromcoming into collision with the AF lens frame 51 to get scratched anddamaged thereby even if such a malfunction occurs. In other words, sincethe moving path of the rear projecting portion 6 m does not overlap thethird lens group LG3 in the optical axis direction at any angularpositions of the second lens frame 6, there is no possibility of anyportions of the second lens group 6 other than the rear projectingportion 6 m coming into contact with the third lens group LG3 to scratchthe third lens group LG3. Accordingly, since the rear projecting portion6 m and the elongated protrusion 51 f are only the portions at which thesecond lens group LG2 and the AF lens frame 51 can contact with eachother, the optical performances of the second lens group LG2 and thethird lens group LG3 are prevented from deteriorating even if the AFlens frame 51 stops short of the retracted position accidentally uponthe main switch being turned OFF. If such a malfunction occurs, it ispossible for the second lens frame 6 in the process of moving rearwardwhile rotating to the radially retracted position to push back the AFlens frame 51 forcefully, via the rear projecting portion 6 m, whichstops short of the retracted position.

Note that although in the illustrated embodiment, the contacting surface6 n and the rib-like elongated protrusion 51 f are (possible) contactsurfaces, an alternative embodiment can be applied wherein (possible)contact surfaces of the second lens group frame 6 and the AF lens frame51 differ from that of the illustrated embodiment. For example, aprojection like that of the rear projecting portion 6 m can be providedon the AF lens frame 51. Namely, an appropriate position can be providedwhereby the above-mentioned projection and another member contact eachother before the second lens group LG2 and the third lens group L3contact any other members.

The contacting surface 6 n lies in a plane orthogonal to thephotographing optical axis Z1, whereas the front surface of theelongated protrusion 51 f is formed as an inclined contacting surface 51g which is inclined to a plane orthogonal to the optical axis of thephotographing optical axis Z1 by an angle of NR2 as shown in FIG. 128.The inclined contacting surface 51 g is inclined toward the rear of theoptical axis direction in the direction of movement of the rearprojecting portion 6 m from a position when the second lens frame 6 isin the photographing position to a position when the second lens frame 6is in the radially retracted position (upwards as viewed in FIGS. 128through 130). Unlike the illustrated embodiment, if the front surface ofthe elongated protrusion 51 f is formed as a mere flat surface parallelto the contacting surface 6 n, the frictional resistance producedbetween the elongated protrusion 51 f and the contacting surface 6 nbecomes great to impede a smooth movement of the second lens frame 6 inthe event that the contacting surface 6 n comes into contact with theelongated protrusion 51 f when the second lens frame 6 is in the processof moving rearward while rotating to the radially retracted position. Incontrast, according to the present embodiment of the fail-safestructure, even if the contacting surface 6 n comes into contact withthe elongated protrusion 51 f when the second lens frame 6 is in themiddle of moving rearward while rotating to the radially retractedposition, a great frictional resistance is not produced between theelongated protrusion 51 f and the contacting surface 6 n because of theinclination of the elongated protrusion 51 f with respect to thecontacting surface 6 n. This makes it possible to retract the zoom lens71 with reliability with less frictional force produced between theelongated protrusion 51 f and the contacting surface 6 n even if theaforementioned malfunction occurs. In the present embodiment of thefail-safe structure, the angle of inclination NR 2 shown in FIG. 128 isset at three degrees as a desirable angle of inclination.

It is possible that the elongated protrusion 51 f be formed so that therecessed oblique surface 51 h can come into contact with the lightshield ring 9, that is fixed to the rear end of the cylindrical lensholder portion 6 a, to serve just like the inclined contacting surface51 g of the above illustrated embodiment of the fail-safe structure inthe case where the AF lens frame 51 stops short of the retractedposition accidentally to a lesser extent than the rear projectingportion 6 m comes into contact with the elongated protrusion 51 f.

In the retracted position for the second lens frame 6, the position ofthe optical axis of the second lens group LG2 can be adjusted indirections lying in a plane orthogonal to the photographing optical axisZ1 in such a case where the optical axis of the second lens group LG2 isnot precisely coincident with the photographing optical axis Z1 eventhough the second lens group LG2 is in the photographing position. Suchan adjustment is carried out by two positioning devices: a firstpositioning device for adjusting the positions of the front and rearsecond lens frame support plates 36 and 37 relative to the second lensgroup moving frame 8, and a second positioning device for adjusting thepoint of engagement of the eccentric pin 35 b of the rotation limitshaft 35 with the engaging protrusion 6 e of the second lens frame 6.The first eccentric shaft 34X and the second eccentric shaft 34Y areelements of the first positioning device; the positions of the front andrear second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 relative to the secondlens group moving frame 8 are adjusted by rotating the first eccentricshaft 34X and the second eccentric shaft 34Y. The rotation limit shaft35 is a element of the second positioning device; the point ofengagement of the eccentric pin 35 b with the engaging protrusion 6 e isadjusted by rotating the rotation limit shaft 35.

First, the first positioning device for adjusting the positions of thefront and rear second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 relative tothe second lens group moving frame 8 will be discussed hereinafter. Asdescribed above, the front eccentric pin 34X-b of the first eccentricshaft 34X is inserted into the first vertically-elongated hole 36 a tobe movable and immovable in the first vertically-elongated hole 36 a inthe lengthwise direction and the widthwise direction thereof,respectively, while the rear eccentric pin 34Y-b of the second eccentricshaft 34Y is inserted into the horizontally-elongated hole 36 e to bemovable and immovable in the horizontally-elongated hole 36 e in thelengthwise direction and the widthwise direction thereof, respectively,as shown in FIGS. 110, 114 and 115. The lengthwise direction of thefirst vertically-elongated hole 36 a, which corresponds to the verticaldirection of the digital camera 70, is orthogonal to the lengthwisedirection of the horizontally-elongated hole 36 e, which corresponds tothe horizontal direction of the digital camera 70 as shown in FIGS. 110,114 and 115. In the following descriptions, the lengthwise direction ofthe first vertically-elongated hole 36 a is referred to as “Y-direction”while the lengthwise direction of the horizontally-elongated hole 36 eis referred to as “X-direction”.

The lengthwise direction of the first vertically-elongated hole 37 a isparallel to the lengthwise direction of the first vertically-elongatedhole 36 a. Namely, the first vertically-elongated hole 37 a is elongatedin the Y-direction. The first vertically-elongated hole 36 a and thefirst vertically-elongated hole 37 a are formed at opposed positions onthe front and rear second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 in theoptical axis direction. The lengthwise direction of thehorizontally-elongated hole 37 e is parallel to the lengthwise directionof the horizontally-elongated hole 36 e. Namely, thehorizontally-elongated hole 37 e is elongated in the X-direction. Thehorizontally-elongated hole 36 e and the horizontally-elongated hole 37e are formed at opposed positions on the front and rear second lensframe support plates 36 and 37 in the optical axis direction. Similar tothe front eccentric pin 34X-b, the rear eccentric pin 34X-c is movableand immovable in the first vertically-elongated hole 37 a in theY-direction and X-direction, respectively. The front eccentric pin 34Y-bis movable and immovable in the horizontally-elongated hole 37 e in theX-direction and Y-direction, respectively.

Similar to the pair of first vertically-elongated holes 36 a and 37 aand the pair of horizontally-elongated holes 36 e and 37 e, thelengthwise direction of the second vertically-elongated hole 36 f isparallel to the lengthwise direction of the second vertically-elongatedhole 37 f, while the second vertically-elongated hole 36 f and thesecond vertically-elongated hole 37 f are formed at opposed positions onthe front and rear second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 in theoptical axis direction. The pair of the second vertically-elongatedholes 36 f and 37 f are each elongated in the Y-direction to extendparallel to the pair of first vertically-elongated holes 36 a and 37 a.The front boss 8 j, which is engaged in the second vertically-elongatedhole 36 f, is movable and immovable in the second vertically-elongatedhole 36 f in the Y-direction and X-direction, respectively. Similar tothe front boss 8 j, the rear boss 8 k, which is engaged in the secondvertically-elongated hole 37 f, is movable and immovable in the secondvertically-elongated hole 37 f in the Y-direction and X-direction,respectively.

As shown in FIG. 113, the large diameter portion 34X-a is inserted intothe first eccentric shaft support hole 8 f so as not to move in radialdirections thereof, and is accordingly rotatable about the axis(adjustment axis PX) of the large diameter portion 34X-a. Likewise, thelarge diameter portion 34Y-a is inserted into the second eccentric shaftsupport hole 8 i so as not to move in radial directions thereof, and isaccordingly rotatable on the axis (adjustment axis PY1) of the largediameter portion 34Y-a.

The front eccentric pin 34Y-b and the rear eccentric pin 34Y-c have thecommon axis eccentric to the axis of the large diameter portion 34Y-a asmentioned above. Therefore, a rotation of the second eccentric shaft 34Yon the adjustment axis PY1 causes the front and rear eccentric pins34Y-b and 34 b-c to revolve about the adjustment axis PY1, i.e., rotatein a circle about the adjustment axis PY1, thus causing the fronteccentric pin 34Y-b to push the front second lens frame support plate 36in the Y-direction while moving in the X-direction and at the same timecausing the rear eccentric pin 34Y-c to push the rear second lens framesupport plate 37 in the Y-direction while moving in the X-direction. Atthis time, the front second lens frame support plate 36 moves linearlyin the Y-direction while guided in the same direction by the fronteccentric pin 34Y-b and the front boss 8 j since both the firstvertically-elongated hole 36 a and the second vertically-elongated hole36 f are elongated in the Y-direction, and at the same time, the rearsecond lens frame support plate 37 moves linearly in the Y-directionwhile guided in the same direction by the rear eccentric pin 34Y-c andthe rear boss 8 k since both the first vertically-elongated hole 37 aand the second vertically-elongated hole 37 f are elongated in theY-direction. Consequently, the position of the second lens frame 6relative to the second lens group moving frame 8 on the front fixingsurface 8 c thereof varies to adjust the position of the optical axis ofthe second lens group LG2 in the Y-direction.

The front eccentric pin 34X-b and the rear eccentric pin 34X-c have thecommon axis eccentric to the axis of the large diameter portion 34X-a asmentioned above. Therefore, a rotation of the first eccentric shaft 34Xon the adjustment axis PX causes the front and rear eccentric pins 34X-band 34X-c to revolve about the adjustment axis PX, i.e., rotate in acircle about the adjustment axis PX, thus causing the front eccentricpin 34X-b to push the front second lens frame support plate 36 in theX-direction while moving in the Y-direction and at the same time causingthe rear eccentric pin 34X-c to push the rear second lens frame supportplate 37 in the X-direction while moving in the Y-direction. At thistime, although the front eccentric pin 34Y-b and the rear eccentric pin34Y-c are respectively movable in the horizontally-elongated hole 36 eand the horizontally-elongated hole 37 e in the X-direction, the frontsecond lens frame support plate 36 swings about a fluctuating axis (notshown) extending substantially parallel to the common axis of the frontand rear bosses 8 j and 8 k in the vicinity of this common axis sincethe second vertically-elongated hole 36 f is immovable in theX-direction relative to the front boss 8 j and at the same time the rearsecond lens frame support plate 37 swings about the fluctuating axissince the second vertically-elongated hole 37 f is immovable in theX-direction relative to the rear boss 8 k. The position of thefluctuating axis corresponds to the following two resultant positions: afront resultant position between the position of thehorizontally-elongated hole 36 e relative to the front eccentric pin34Y-b and the position of the second vertically-elongated hole 36 frelative to the front boss 8 j, and a rear resultant position betweenthe position of the horizontally-elongated hole 37 e relative to therear eccentric pin 34Y-b and the position of the secondvertically-elongated hole 37 f relative to the rear boss 8 k. Therefore,the fluctuating axis fluctuates in parallel to itself by a swing of thefront and rear second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 about thefluctuating axis. A swing of the front and rear second lens framesupport plates 36 and 37 about the fluctuating axis causes the pivotshaft 33 to move substantially linearly in the X-direction. Therefore,the second lens group LG2 moves in the X-direction by a rotation of thefirst eccentric shaft 34X on the adjustment axis PX.

FIG. 116 shows another embodiment of the first positioning device foradjusting the positions of the front and rear second lens frame supportplates 36 and 37 relative to the second lens group moving frame 8. Thisembodiment of the first positioning device is different from the abovedescribed first positioning device in that a front obliquely-elongatedhole 36 f′ and a rear obliquely-elongated hole 37 f′ in which the frontboss 8 j and the rear boss 8 k are engaged are formed on the front andrear second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 instead of the secondvertically-elongated hole 36 f and the second vertically-elongated hole37 f, respectively. The front obliquely-elongated hole 36 f′ and therear obliquely-elongated hole 37 f′ extend parallel to each otherobliquely to both X-direction and Y-direction, and are aligned in theoptical axis direction. Since each of the front obliquely-elongated hole36 f′ and the rear obliquely-elongated hole 37 f′ includes both acomponent in the X-direction and a component in the Y-direction, arotation of the second eccentric shaft 34Y on the adjustment axis PY1causes the front obliquely-elongated hole 36 f′ and the rearobliquely-elongated hole 37 f′ to move in the Y-direction while movingin the X-direction slightly relative to the front boss 8 j and the rearboss 8 k, respectively. Consequently, the front and rear second lensframe support plates 36 and 37 move in the Y-direction while therespective lower end portions thereof swing slightly in the X-direction.On the other hand, a rotation of the first eccentric shaft 34X on theadjustment axis PX causes the front and rear second lens frame supportplates 36 and 37 to move in the X-direction while moving (swinging)slightly in the Y-direction. Accordingly, the position of the opticalaxis of the second lens group LG2 can be adjusted in directions lying ina plane orthogonal to the photographing optical axis Z1 by a combinationof an operation of the first eccentric shaft 34X and an operation of thesecond eccentric shaft 34Y.

The set screw 66 needs to be loosened before the position of the opticalaxis of the second lens group LG2 is adjusted by operating the firsteccentric shaft 34X and the second eccentric shaft 34Y. The set screw 66is tightened after the adjustment operation is completed. Thereafter,the front and rear second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 aretightly fixed to the front fixing surface 8 c and the rear fixingsurface 8 e to be held at their respective adjusted positions.Therefore, the pivot shaft 33 is also held at its adjusted position.Consequently, the position of the optical axis of the second lens groupLG2 is held at its adjusted position since the position of the opticalaxis of the second lens group LG2 depends on the position of the pivotshaft 33. As a result of the optical axis position adjustment operation,the set screw 66 has been moved radially from the previous positionthereof; however, this presents no problem because the set screw 66 doesnot move radially to such an extent so as to interfere with the secondlens group moving frame 8 by the optical axis position adjustmentoperation since the threaded shaft portion 66 a is loosely fitted in thescrew insertion hole 8 h as shown in FIG. 113.

A two-dimensional positioning device which incorporates a first movablestage movable linearly along a first direction and a second movablestage movable linearly along a second direction perpendicular to thefirst direction, wherein an object -the position of which is to beadjusted is mounted on the second movable stage, is known in the art.The structure of this conventional two-dimensional positioning device isgenerally complicated. In contrast, the above illustrated firstpositioning device for adjusting the positions of the front and rearsecond lens frame support plates 36 and 37 relative to the second lensgroup moving frame 8 is simple because each of the front second lensframe support plate 36 and the rear second lens frame support plate 37is supported on a corresponding single flat surface (the front fixingsurface 8 c or the rear fixing surface 8 e) to be movable thereon inboth X-direction and Y-direction, which makes it possible to achieve asimple two-dimensional positioning device.

Although the above illustrated first positioning device includes twosupport plates (the pair of second lens frame support plates 36 and 37)for supporting the second lens frame 6, which are positioned separatelyfrom each other in the optical axis direction to increase a stability ofthe structure supporting the second lens frame 6, it is possible for thesecond lens frame 6 to be supported with only one of the two supportplates. In this case, the first positioning device has only to beprovided on the one support plate.

Nevertheless, in the above illustrated embodiment of the firstpositioning device, the front second lens frame support plate 36 and therear second lens frame support plate 37 are arranged on front and rearsides of the second lens group moving frame 8, each of the first andsecond eccentric shafts 34X is provided at the front and rear endsthereof with a pair of eccentric pins (34X-b and 34X-c), respectively,and the second lens group moving frame 8 is provided on front and rearsides thereof with a pair of bosses (8 j and 8 k), respectively. Withthis arrangement, a rotation of either eccentric shafts 34X or 34Ycauses the pair of second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 to move inparallel as one-piece member. Specifically, rotating the first eccentricshaft 34X with a screwdriver engaged in the recess 34X-d causes thefront and rear eccentric pins 34X-b and 34X-c to rotate together by thesame amount of rotation in the same rotational direction, thus causingthe pair of second lens frame support plates 36 and 37 to move inparallel as an integral member in the X-direction. Likewise, rotatingthe second eccentric shaft 34Y with a screwdriver engaged in the recess34Y-d causes the front and rear eccentric pins 34Y-b and 34Y-c to rotatetogether by the same amount of rotation in the same rotationaldirection, thus causing the pair of second lens frame support plates 36and 37 to move in parallel as an integral member in the Y-direction.When the first and second eccentric shafts 34X and 34Y are each rotatedwith a screwdriver engaged in the recesses 34X-d and 34Y-d,respectively, the rear second lens frame support plate 37 properlyfollows the movement of the front second lens frame support plate 36without being warped. Accordingly, the optical axis of the second lensgroup LG2 does not tilt by an operation of the first positioning device,which makes it possible to adjust the position of the optical axis ofthe second lens group LG2 two-dimensionally in directions lying in aplane orthogonal to the photographing optical axis Z1 with a high degreeof precision.

Since the first and second eccentric shafts 34X and 34Y are supportedand held between the front second lens frame support plate 36 and therear second lens frame support plate 37 disposed on front and rear sidesof the shutter unit 76, each of the first and second eccentric shafts34X and 34Y is elongated so that the length thereof becomes close to thelength of the second lens group moving frame 8 in the optical axisdirection, just as the length of the pivot shaft 33. This prevents thesecond lens group moving frame 8 from tilting, which accordingly makesit possible to adjust the position of the optical axis of the secondlens group LG2 two-dimensionally in directions lying in a planeorthogonal to the photographing optical axis Z1 with a higher degree ofprecision.

The second positioning device for adjusting the point of engagement ofthe eccentric pin 35 b of the rotation limit shaft 35 with the engagingprotrusion 6 e of the second lens frame 6 will be hereinafter discussed.As shown in FIGS. 111 and 112, the large diameter portion 35 a of therotation limit shaft 35 is rotatably fitted in the through hole 8 m withthe eccentric pin 35 b projecting rearward from the rear end of thethrough hole 8 m. Note that the large diameter portion 35 a of therotation limit shaft 35 does not rotate by itself with respect to thethrough hole 8 m, however, if a predetermined amount of force isapplied, it is possible for the large diameter portion 35 a to berotated.

As shown in FIG. 109, the eccentric pin 35 b is positioned at one end ofthe moving path of the tip of the engaging protrusion 6 e of the secondlens frame 6. The eccentric pin 35 b projects rearward from the rear endof the large diameter portion 35 a so that the axis of the eccentric pin35 b is eccentric from the axis of the large diameter portion 35 a asshown in FIG. 117. Therefore, a rotation of the eccentric pin 35 b on anaxis thereof (adjustment axis PY2) causes the eccentric pin 35 b torevolve about the adjustment axis PY2, thus causing the eccentric pin 35b to move in the Y-direction. Since the eccentric pin 35 b of therotation limit shaft 35 serves as an element for determining thephotographing position of the second lens frame 6, a displacement of theeccentric pin 35 b in the Y-direction causes the second lens group LG2to move in the Y-direction. Therefore, the position of the optical axisof the second lens group LG2 can be adjusted in the Y-direction by anoperation of the rotation limit shaft 35. Accordingly, the position ofthe optical axis of the second lens group LG2 can be adjusted in theY-direction by the combined use of the rotation limit shaft 35 and thesecond eccentric shaft 34Y. It is desirable that the rotation limitshaft 35 be operated secondarily in a particular case where the range ofadjustment of the second eccentric shaft 34Y is insufficient.

As shown in FIG. 110, the recess 34X-d of the first eccentric shaft 34X,the recess 34Y-d of the second eccentric shaft 34Y and the recess 35 cof the rotation limit shaft 35 are all exposed to the front of thesecond lens group moving frame 8. In addition, the head of the set screw66 that is provided with the cross slot 66 b is exposed to the front ofthe second lens group moving frame 8. Due to this structure, theposition of the optical axis of the second lens group LG2 can beadjusted two-dimensionally with the above described first and secondpositioning devices from the front of the second lens group moving frame8, i.e., all the operating members of the first and second positioningdevices are accessible from the front of the second lens group movingframe 8. On the other hand, the first external barrel 12, that ispositioned radially outside the second lens group moving frame 8, isprovided on an inner peripheral surface thereof with the inner flange 12c which projects radially inwards to close the front of the second lensgroup moving frame 8 in cooperation with the fixing ring 3.

As shown in FIGS. 131 and 132, the first external barrel 12 is providedon the inner flange 12 c with four screwdriver insertion holes 12 g 1,12 g 2, 12 g 3 and 12 g 4 which penetrate the inner flange 12 c in theoptical axis direction so that the recess 34X-d, the recess 34Y-d, therecess 35 c and the cross slot 66 b are exposed to the front of thefirst external barrel 12, respectively. A screwdriver can be broughtinto engagement with the recess 34X-d, the recess 34Y-d, the recess 35 cand the cross slot 66 b from the front of the second lens group movingframe 8 through the four screwdriver insertion holes 12 g 1, 12 g 2, 12g 3 and 12 g 4, respectively, without removing the first external barrel12 from the front of the second lens group moving frame 8. As shown inFIGS. 2, 131 and 132, portions of the fixing ring 3 which are alignedwith the screwdriver insertion holes 12 g 2, 12 g 3 and 12 g 4 are cutout so as not to interfere with the screwdriver. The respective frontends of the four screwdriver insertion holes 12 g 1, 12 g 2, 12 g 3 and12 g 4 are exposed to the front of the zoom lens 71 by removing the lensbarrier cover 101 and the aforementioned lens barrier mechanismpositioned immediately behind the lens barrier cover 101. Due to thisstructure, the position of the optical axis of the second lens group LG2can be adjusted two-dimensionally with the above described first andsecond positioning devices from the front of the second lens groupmoving frame 8 without dismounting components of the zoom lens 71 exceptfor substantially the lens barrier mechanism, i.e., in substantiallyfinished form. Accordingly, the position of the optical axis of thesecond lens group LG2 can be easily adjusted two-dimensionally with thefirst and second positioning devices in a final assembling process evenif the degree of deviation of the second lens group LG2 is out oftolerance during assembly. This results in an improvement in workabilityof the assembly process.

The structure accommodating the second lens group LG2 and other opticalelements behind the second lens group LG2 in the camera body 72 upon themain switch of the digital camera 70 being turned OFF has mainly beendiscussed above Improvements in the structure of the zoom lens 71 whichaccommodates the first lens group LG1 upon the main switch of thedigital camera 70 being turned OFF will be hereinafter discussed indetail.

As shown in FIG. 2, the inner flange 12 c of the first external barrel12 is provided at radially opposite positions thereon with respect tothe photographing optical axis Z1 with a pair of first guide grooves 12b, respectively, while the first lens group adjustment ring 2 isprovided on an outer peripheral surface thereof with a correspondingpair of guide projections 2 b which project radially outwards inopposite directions away from each other to be slidably fitted in thepair of first guide grooves 12 b, respectively. Only one guideprojection 2 b and the associated first guide groove 12 b appear inFIGS. 9, 141 and 142. The pair of first guide grooves 12 b extendparallel to the photographing optical axis Z1 so that the combination ofthe first lens frame 1 and the first lens group adjustment ring 2 ismovable in the optical axis direction with respect to the first externalbarrel 12 by engagement of the pair of guide projections 2 b with thepair of first guide grooves 12 b.

The fixing ring 3 is fixed to the first external barrel 12 by the twoset screws 64 to close the front of the pair of guide projections 2 b.The fixing ring 3 is provided at radially opposite positions thereonwith respect to the photographing optical axis Z1 with a pair of springreceiving portions 3 a, so that a pair of compression coil springs 24are installed in a compressed manner between the pair of springreceiving portions 3 a and the pair of guide projections 2 b,respectively. Therefore, the first lens group adjustment ring 2 isbiased rearward in the optical axis direction with respect to the firstexternal barrel 12 by the spring force of the pair of compression coilsprings 24.

In an assembly process of the digital camera 70, the position of thefirst lens frame 1 relative to the first lens group adjustment ring 2 inthe optical axis direction can be adjusted by changing the position ofengagement of the male screw thread la relative to the female screwthread 2 a of the first lens group adjustment ring 2. This adjustingoperation can be carried out in a state where the zoom lens 71 is set atthe ready-to-photograph state as shown in FIG. 141. Two-dot chain linesshown in FIG. 141 show movements of the first lens frame 1 together withthe first lens group LG1 with respect to the first external barrel 12 inthe optical axis direction. On the other hand, when the zoom lens 71 isretracted to the retracted position as shown in FIG. 10, the firstexternal barrel 12, together with the fixing ring 3, can further moverearward relative to the first lens frame 1 and the first lens groupadjustment ring 2 while compressing the pair of compression coil springs24 even after the first lens frame 1 has fully retracted to a point atwhich the first lens frame 1 contacts with a front surface of theshutter unit 76 to thereby be prevented from further moving rearward(see FIG. 142). Namely, when the zoom lens 71 is retracted to theretracted position, the first external barrel 12 is retracted to beaccommodated in such a manner as to reduce an axial margin (axial space)for positional adjustment of the first lens frame 1 in the optical axisdirection. This structure makes it possible for the zoom lens 71 to befully retracted deeper into the camera body 72. Conventional telescopinglens barrels in which a lens frame (which corresponds to the first lensframe 1) is directly fixed to an external lens barrel (which correspondsto the first external barrel 12) by screw threads (similar to the femalescrew thread 2 a and the male screw thread 1 a) without any intermediatemember (which corresponds to the first lens group adjustment ring 2)interposed between the lens frame and the external lens barrel are knownin the art. In this type of telescoping lens barrels, since the amountof retracting movement of the external lens barrel into a camera body isthe same as that of the lens frame, the external lens barrel cannot befurther moved rearward relative to the lens frame, unlike the firstexternal barrel 12 of the present embodiment of the zoom lens.

The first lens frame 1 is provided at the rear end thereof with anannular end protrusion 1 b (see FIGS. 133, 134, 141 and 142), the rearend of which is position behind the rearmost point on the rear surfaceof the first lens group LG1 in the optical axis direction, so that therear end of the annular end protrusion 1 b comes into contact with afront surface of the shutter unit 76 to prevent the rear surface of thefirst lens group LG1 from contacting with the shutter unit 76 and beingdamaged thereby when the zoom lens 71 is retracted to the retractedposition.

More than two guide projections, each corresponding to each of the twoguide projections 2 b, can be formed on the first lens group adjustmentring 2 at any positions on an outer peripheral surface thereof, and alsothe shape of each guide projection is optional. According to the numberof the guide projections of the first lens group adjustment ring 2, thefixing ring 3 can be provided with more than two spring receivingportions each corresponding to each of the two spring receiving portions3 a, and also the shape of each spring receiving portion is optional. Inaddition, the pair of spring receiving portions 3 a is not essential;the pair of compression coil springs 24 can be installed in a compressedmanner between corresponding two areas on a rear surface of the fixingring 3 and the pair of guide projections 2 b, respectively.

The first lens group adjustment ring 2 is provided on an outerperipheral surface thereof, at the front end of the outer peripheralsurface at substantially equi-angular intervals about the photographingoptical axis Z1, with a set of four engaging projections 2 c (see FIG.2) which are engageable with a front surface 3 c of the fixing ring 3.The rear limit for the axial movement of the first lens group adjustmentring 2 with respect to the fixing ring 3 (i.e., with respect to thefirst external barrel 12) is determined by engagement (bayonetengagement) of the set of four engaging projections 2 c with the frontsurface 3 c of the fixing ring 3 (see FIGS. 9 and 141). The set of fourengaging projections 2 c serve as a set of bayonets.

Specifically, the fixing ring 3 is provided on an inner edge thereofwith a set of four recesses 3 b (see FIG. 2) to correspond to the set offour engaging projections 2 c, respectively. The set of four engagingprojections 2 c can be inserted into the set of four recesses 3 b frombehind, respectively, and are engaged with the front surface 3 c of thefixing ring 3 by rotating one of the first lens group adjustment ring 2and the fixing ring 3 relative to the other clockwise orcounterclockwise after the set of four engaging projections 2 c areinserted into the set of four recesses 3 b from behind. After thisoperation rotating one of the first lens group adjustment ring 2 and thefixing ring 3 relative to the other, a rear end surface 2 c 1 of eachengaging projection 2 c is pressed against the front surface 3 c (asurface of the fixing ring 3 which can be seen in FIG. 2) of the fixingring 3 by the spring force of the pair of compression coil springs 24.This firm engagement of the set of four engaging projections 2 c withthe front surface 3 c of the fixing ring 3 prevents the combination ofthe first lens frame 1 and the first lens group adjustment ring 2 fromcoming off the first external barrel 12 from the rear thereof, andaccordingly determines the rear limit for the axial movement of thefirst lens group adjustment ring 2 with respect to the first externalbarrel 12.

When the zoom lens 71 is fully retracted into the camera body 72 asshown in FIGS. 10 and 142, the rear surfaces 2 c 1 of the set of fourengaging projections 2 c are disengaged from the front surface 3 c ofthe fixing ring 3 because the first lens group adjustment ring 2 hasmoved forward slightly with respect to the first external barrel 12 fromthe position of the first lens group adjustment ring 2 shown in FIG. 141by further compressing the pair of compression coil springs 24. However,once the zoom lens 71 enters the ready-to-photograph state as shown inFIG. 141, the rear surfaces 2 c 1 are re-engaged with the front surface3 c. Accordingly, the rear surfaces 2 c 1 of the four engagingprojections 2 c and the front surface 3 c serve as reference surfacesfor determining the position of the first lens group LG1 with respect tothe first external barrel 12 in the optical axis direction in theready-to-photograph state of the zoom lens barrel 71. With thisstructure, even if the axial position of the first lens group LG1 withrespect to the first external barrel 12 changes when the zoom lens 71 isretracted into the camera body 72, the first lens group LG1automatically returns to its original position by the action of the pairof compression coil springs 24 as soon as the zoom lens 71 is ready tophotograph.

At least two and any number other than four engaging projections eachcorresponding to each of the four engaging projections 2 c can be formedon the first lens group adjustment ring 2 at any position on an outerperipheral surface thereof. According to the number of the engagingprojections of the first lens group adjustment ring 2, the fixing ring 3can be provided with at least two and any number other than fourrecesses each corresponding to each of the four recesses 3 b. Moreover,the shape of each engaging projection of the first lens group adjustmentring 2 and also the shape of each spring receiving portion of the fixingring 3 are optional as long as each engaging projection of the firstlens group adjustment ring 2 is insertable into the corresponding recessof the fixing ring 3.

As has been described above, when the zoom lens 71 changes from theready-to-photograph state to the retracted state, the cylindrical lensholder portion 6 a of the second lens frame 6, which holds the secondlens group LG2, rotates about the pivot pin 33 in a direction away fromthe photographing optical axis Z1 inside the second lens group movingframe 8, while the AF lens frame 51 which holds the third lens group LG3enters the space in the second lens group moving frame 8 from which thelens holder portion 6 a has retracted (see FIGS. 134, 136 and 137). Inaddition, when the zoom lens 71 changes from the ready-to-photographstate to the retracted state, the first lens frame 1 that holds thefirst lens group LG1 enters the second lens group moving frame 8 fromthe front thereof (see FIGS. 133 and 135). Accordingly, the second lensgroup moving frame 8 has to be provided with two internal spaces: afront internal space immediately in front of the central inner flange 8s in which the first lens frame 1 is allowed to move in the optical axisdirection, and a rear internal space immediately behind the centralinner flange 8 s in which the second lens frame 6 is allowed to retractalong a plane orthogonal to the photographing optical axis Z1 and inwhich the AF lens frame 51 is allowed to move in the optical axisdirection. In the present embodiment of the zoom lens, the shutter unit76, specifically an actuator thereof, is disposed inside the second lensgroup moving frame 8, which accommodates more than one lens grouptherein, in a space-saving manner to maximize the internal space of thesecond lens group moving frame 8.

FIG. 140 shows the elements of the shutter unit 76. The shutter unit 76is provided with a base plate 120 having a central circular aperture 120a with its center on the photographing optical axis Z1. The base plate120 is provided on a front surface thereof (a surface which can be seenin FIG. 140) above the circular aperture 120 a with a shutter-actuatorsupport portion 120 b formed integral with the base plate 120. Theshutter-actuator support portion 120 b is provided with a substantiallycylindrical accommodation recess 120 b 1 in which the shutter actuator131 is accommodated. After the shutter actuator 131 is embedded in theaccommodation recess 120 b 1, a holding plate 121 is fixed to theshutter-actuator support portion 120 b so that the shutter actuator 131is supported by the base plate 120 on the front thereof.

The shutter unit 76 is provided with a diaphragm-actuator support member120 c which is fixed to the back of the base plate 120 on the right sideof the cylindrical recess 120 b 1 as viewed from the rear of the baseplate 120. The shutter unit 76 is provided with a diaphragm-actuatorsupport cover 122 having a substantially cylindrical accommodationrecess 122 a in which the diaphragm actuator 132 is accommodated. Thediaphragm-actuator support cover 122 is fixed to the back of thediaphragm-actuator support member 120 c. After the diaphragm actuator132 is embedded in the accommodation recess 122 a, thediaphragm-actuator support cover 122 is fixed to the back of thediaphragm-actuator support member 120 c so that the diaphragm actuator132 is supported by the diaphragm-actuator support member 120 c on theback thereof. The shutter unit 76 is provided with a cover ring 123which is fixed to the diaphragm-actuator support cover 122 to cover anouter peripheral surface thereof.

The holding plate 121 is fixed to the shutter-actuator support portion120 b by a set screw 129 a. The diaphragm-actuator support member 120 cis fixed to the back of the base plate 120 by set screw 129 b.Furthermore, the diaphragm-actuator support member 120 c is fixed to theholding plate 121 by a set screw 129 c. A lower end portion of thediaphragm-actuator support member 120 c which is provided with a screwhole into which the set screw 129 b is screwed is formed as arearward-projecting portion 120 c 1.

The shutter S and the adjustable diaphragm A are mounted to the rear ofthe base plate 120 immediately beside the diaphragm-actuator supportmember 120 c. The shutter S is provided with a pair of shutter blades S1and S2, and the adjustable diaphragm A is provided with a pair ofdiaphragm blades A1 and A2. The pair of shutter blades S1 and S2 arepivoted on a first pair of pins (not shown) projecting rearward from theback of the base plate 120, respectively, and the pair of diaphragmblades A1 and A2 are pivoted on a second pair of pins (not shown)projecting rearward from the back of the base plate 120, respectively.These first and second pairs of pints do no appear in FIG. 140. Theshutter unit 76 is provided between the shutter S and the adjustablediaphragm A with a partition plate 125 which prevents the shutter S andthe adjustable diaphragm A from interfering with each other. The shutterS, the partition plate 125 and the adjustable diaphragm A are fixed tothe back of the base plate 120 in this order from front to rear in theoptical axis direction, and thereafter a blade-holding plate 126 isfixed to the back of the base plate 120 to hold the shutter S, thepartition plate 125 and the adjustable diaphragm A between the baseplate 120 and the blade-holding plate 126. The partition plate 125 andthe blade-holding plate 126 are provided with a circular aperture 125 aand a circular aperture 126 a, respectively, through which rays of lightof an object image which is to be photographed pass to be incident onthe CCD image sensor 60 through the third lens group LG3 and thelow-pass filter LG4. The circular apertures 125 a and 126 a are alignedwith the central circular aperture 120 a of the base plate 120.

The shutter actuator 131 is provided with a rotor 131 a, a rotor magnet(permanent magnet) 131 b, a stator 131 c made of steel, and a bobbin 131d. The rotor 131 a is provided with a radial arm portion, and aneccentric pin 131 e which projects rearwards from the tip of the radialarm portion to be inserted into cam grooves S1 a and S2 a of the pair ofshutter blades S1 and S2. Strands (not shown) through which electriccurrent is passed via the flexible PWB 77 to control rotation of therotor 131 a are wound on the bobbin 131 d. Passing a current through thestrands wound on the bobbin 131 d causes the rotor 131 a to rotateforward or reverse depending on the magnetic field which varies inaccordance with the direction of the passage of the current. Rotationsof the rotor 131 a forward and reverse cause the eccentric pin 131 e toswing in forward and revere directions, thus causing the pair of shutterblades S1 and S2 to open and close, respectively, by engagement of theeccentric pin 131 e with the cam grooves S1 a and S2 a.

The diaphragm actuator 132 is provided with a rotor 132 a and a rotormagnet (permanent magnet) 132 b. The rotor 132 a is provided with aradial arm portion having two ninety-degree bends, and an eccentric pin132 c which projects rearwards from the tip of the radial arm portion tobe inserted into cam grooves A1 a and A2 a of the pair of diaphragmblades A1 and A2. Strands (not shown) through which electric current ispassed via the flexible PWB 77 to control rotation of the rotor 132 aare wound on the diaphragm-actuator support member 120 c and thediaphragm-actuator support cover 122. Passing a current through thestrands wound on the diaphragm-actuator support member 120 c and thediaphragm-actuator support cover 122 causes the rotor 132 a to rotateforward or reverse depending on the magnetic field which varies inaccordance with the direction of the passage of the current. Rotationsof the rotor 132 a forward and reverse cause the eccentric pin 132 c toswing in forward and revere directions, thus causing the pair ofdiaphragm blades A1 and A2 to open and close, respectively, byengagement of the eccentric pin 132 c with the cam grooves A1 a and A2a.

The shutter unit 76 is prepared as a subassembly in advance, and fittedinto the second lens group moving frame 8 to be fixed thereto. As shownin FIGS. 108 and 110, the shutter unit 76 is supported by the secondlens group moving frame 8 therein so that the base plate 120 ispositioned immediately in front of the central inner flange 8 s. Aterminal end 77 e of the flexible PWB 77 is fixed to a front surface ofthe holding plate 121 (see FIGS. 108, 110, 133 and 135).

The second lens group moving frame 8 has a cylindrical shape coaxial toother rotatable rings such as the cam ring 11. The axis of the secondlens group moving frame 8 coincides with the lens barrel axis Z0 of thezoom lens 71. The photographing optical axis Z1 is eccentric downwardfrom the lens barrel axis Z0 to secure some space in the second lensgroup moving frame 8 into which the second lens group LG2 is retractedto the radially-retractable position (see FIGS. 110 through 112). On theother hand, the first lens frame 1, which supports the first lens groupLG1, is in the shape of a cylinder with its center on the photographingoptical axis Z1, and is guided along the photographing optical axis Z1.Due to this structure, the space in the second lens group moving frame 8which is occupied by the first lens group LG1 is secured in the secondlens group moving frame 8 below the lens barrel axis Z0. Accordingly,sufficient space (upper front space) is easily secured in the secondlens group moving frame 8 in front of the central inner flange 8 s onthe opposite side of the lens barrel axis Z0 from the photographingoptical axis Z1 (i.e., above the lens barrel axis Z0) so that theshutter actuator 131 and supporting members therefor (theshutter-actuator support portion 120 b and the holding plate 121) arepositioned in the upper front space along an inner peripheral surface ofthe second lens group moving frame 8. With this structure, the firstlens frame 1 does not interfere with either the shutter actuator 131 orthe holding plate 121 even if the first lens frame 1 enters the secondlens group moving frame 8 from the front thereof as shown in FIG. 135.Specifically, in the retracted state of the zoom lens 71, the holdingplate 121 and the shutter actuator 131, which is positioned behind theholding plate 121, are positioned in an axial range in which the firstlens group LG1 is positioned in the optical axis direction; namely, theholding plate 121 and the shutter actuator 131 are positioned radiallyoutside the first lens group LG1. This maximizes the utilization of theinternal space of the second lens group moving frame 8, thuscontributing to a further reduction of the length of the zoom lens 71.

The first lens frame 1 that holds the first lens group LG1 is positionedin the first external barrel 12 to be supported thereby via the firstlens group adjustment ring 2 as shown in FIG. 138 to be movable togetherwith the first external barrel 12 in the optical axis direction thoughthe first lens group adjustment ring 2 is not shown in FIGS. 133 and 135around the first lens frame 1 for the purpose of illustration. The innerflange 12 c of the first external barrel 12 is provided, above theportion thereof which holds the first lens frame 1 and the first lensgroup adjustment ring 2, with a through hole 12 c 1 which has asubstantially arm shape as viewed from or rear of the first externalbarrel 12 and which penetrates the first external barrel 12 in theoptical axis direction. The through hole 12 c 1 is shaped so that theholding plate 121 can enter the through hole 12 c 1 from behind. Theholding plate 121 enters the through hole 12 c 1 as shown in FIG. 138when the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted position.

In the rear internal space of the second lens group moving frame 8behind the central inner flange 8 s, not only the forwardly-projectinglens holder portion 51 c (the third lens group LG3) of the AF lens frame51 moves in and out in the optical axis direction above thephotographing optical axis Z1 that is positioned below the lens barrelaxis Z0, but also the cylindrical lens holder portion 6 a retracts intothe space on the opposite side of the lens barrel axis Z0 from thephotographing optical axis Z1 when the zoom lens 71 is retracted intothe camera body 72. Accordingly, there is substantially no extra spacein the second lens group moving frame 8 behind the central inner flange8 s in a direction (vertical direction) of a straight line M1orthogonally intersecting both the lens barrel axis Z0 and thephotographing optical axis Z1 (see FIG. 112). Whereas, two side spacesnot interfering with either the second lens group LG2 or the third lensgroup LG3 are successfully secured on respective sides (right and leftsides) of the line M1 in the second lens group moving frame 8 until aninner peripheral surface thereof behind the central inner flange 8 s ina direction (see FIG. 112) of a straight line M2 which is orthogonal tothe straight line M1 and intersecting the photographing optical axis Z1.As can be seen in FIGS. 111 and 112, the left side space of the two sidespaces which is positioned on the left side as viewed in FIG. 112 (onthe left side of the lens barrel axis Z0 and the photographing opticalaxis Z1 as viewed from the rear of the second lens frame 8) is utilizedpartly as the space for the swing arm portion 6 c of the swingablesecond lens frame 6 to swing therein and partly as the space foraccommodating the above described first positioning device, with whichthe positions of the front and rear second lens frame support plates 36and 37 relative to the second lens group moving frame 8 can be adjusted.The right side space of the aforementioned two side spaces which ispositioned on the right side as viewed in FIG. 112 is utilized as thespace for accommodating the diaphragm actuator 132 and supportingmembers therefor (the diaphragm-actuator support cover 122 and the coverring 123) so that the diaphragm actuator 132 and the supporting membersare positioned along an inner peripheral surface of the second lensgroup moving frame 8. More specifically, the diaphragm actuator 132 andthe supporting members (the diaphragm-actuator support cover 122 and thecover ring 123) lie on the straight line M2. Accordingly, as can beunderstood from FIGS. 111, 112 and 137, the diaphragm actuator 132, thediaphragm-actuator support cover 122 and the cover ring 123 do notinterfere with either the range of movement of the second lens group LG2or the range of movement of the third lens group LG3.

Specifically, in the inside of the second lens group moving frame 8behind the central inner flange 8 s, the second lens group LG2 (thecylindrical lens holder portion 6 a) and the third lens group LG3(forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c) are accommodated onupper and lower sides of the lens barrel axis Z0, respectively, whilethe above described first positioning device and diaphragm actuator 132are positioned on right and left sides of the lens barrel axis Z0 whenthe zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state. This maximizes theutilization of the internal space of the second lens group moving frame8 in the retracted state of the zoom lens 71. In this state, thediaphragm-actuator support cover 122, the cover ring 123 and thediaphragm actuator 132 are positioned in the space radially outside thespace in which the second lens group LG2 and the third lens group LG3are accommodated. This contributes to a further reduction of the lengthof the zoom lens 71.

In the present embodiment of the zoom lens, the base plate 120 of theshutter unit 120 is positioned in front of the central inner flange 8 s,whereas the diaphragm actuator 132, the diaphragm-actuator support cover122 and the cover ring 123 are positioned behind the central innerflange 8 s. In order to allow the diaphragm actuator 132, thediaphragm-actuator support cover 122 and the cover ring 123 extendbehind the central inner flange 8 s, the central inner flange 8 s isprovided with a substantially circular through hole 8 s 1 in which thecover ring 123 is fitted (see FIGS. 110 through 112). The central innerflange 8 s is further provided below the through hole 8 s 1 with anaccommodation recess 8 s 2 in which the rearward-projecting portion 120c 1 of the diaphragm-actuator support member 120 c is accommodated.

The forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c of the AF lens frame51 is provided, on the side surface 51 c 4 among the four side surfaces51 c 3, 51 c 4, 51 c 5 and 51 c 6 around the forwardly-projecting lensholder portion 51 c, with a recess 51 i which is formed by cutting out apart of the forwardly-projecting lens holder portion 51 c. The recess 51i is formed to correspond to the shapes of outer peripheral surfaces ofthe ring cover 123 and the accommodation recess 8 s 2 of the second lensgroup moving frame 8 so that the forwardly-projecting lens holderportion 51 c does not interfere with the ring cover 123 and theaccommodation recess 8 s 2 in the retracted state of the zoom lens 71.Namely, the outer peripheral portions of the ring cover 123 and theaccommodation recess 8 s 2 partly enter the recess 51 i when the zoomlens 71 is fully retracted into the camera body 72 (see FIGS. 122, 130and 137). This further maximizes the utilization of the internal spaceof the second lens group moving frame 8 to minimize the length of thezoom lens 71.

In the present embodiment of the zoom lens, even the shutter actuator131 and the diaphragm actuator 132 are structured in consideration ofthe utilization of the internal space of the zoom lens 71.

The space in front of the base plate 120 is narrow in the optical axisdirection since the shutter unit 76 is supported by the second lensgroup moving frame 8 therein toward the front thereof as can be seen inFIGS. 9 and 10. Due to the limitation of the space in front of the baseplate 120, the shutter actuator 131 adopts the structure, in which therotor magnet 131 b and the bobbin 131 d do not adjoin each other in theoptical axis direction but are positioned separately from each other ina direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction, so thatvariations of the magnetic field generated on the side of the bobbin 131d are transferred to the side of the rotor magnet 131 d via the stator131 c. This structure reduces the thickness of the shutter actuator 131in the optical axis direction, thus making it possible for the shutteractuator 131 to be positioned in the limited space in front of the baseplate 120 without problems.

On the other hand, the space behind the base plate 120 is also limitedin a direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction because thesecond lens group LG2 and other retractable parts are positioned behindthe base plate 120. Due to the limitation of the space behind the baseplate 120, the diaphragm actuator 132 adopts the structure in whichstrands are wound directly on the diaphragm-actuator support member 120c and the diaphragm-actuator support cover 122 which cover the rotormagnet 132 b. This structure reduces the height of the diaphragmactuator 132 in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis direction,thus making it possible for the diaphragm actuator 132 to be positionedin the limited space behind the base plate 120 without problems.

The digital camera 70 is provided above the zoom lens 71 with a zoomviewfinder, the focal length of which varies to correspond to the focallength of the zoom lens 71. As shown in FIGS. 9, 10 and 143, the zoomviewfinder is provided with a zoom type viewing optical system includingan objective window plate 81 a (not shown in FIG. 143), a first movablepower-varying lens 81 b, a second movable power-varying lens 81 c, amirror 81 d, a fixed lens 81 e, a prism (erecting system) 81 f, aneyepiece 81 g and an eyepiece window plate 81 h, in that order from theobject side along a viewfinder optical axis. The objective window plate81 a and the eyepiece window plate 81 h are fixed to the camera body 72,and the remaining optical elements (81 b through 81 g) are supported bya viewfinder support frame 82. Among the optical elements 81 b through81 g supported by the viewfinder support frame 82, the mirror 81 d, thefixed lens 81 e, the prism 81 f and the eyepiece 81 g are fixed to theviewfinder support frame 82 at their respective predetermined positionsthereon. The zoom viewfinder is provided with a first movable frame 83and a second movable frame 84 which hold the first movable power-varyinglens 81 b and the second movable power-varying lens 81 c, respectively.The first movable frame 83 and the second movable frame 84 are guided inthe optical axis direction by a first guide shaft 85 and a second guideshaft 86 which extend in a direction parallel to the photographingoptical axis Z1, respectively. The first movable power-varying lens 81 band the second movable power-varying lens 81 c have a common opticalaxis Z3 which remains in parallel to the photographing optical axis Z1regardless of variations of the relative position between the firstmovable power-varying lens 81 b and the second movable power-varyinglens 81 c. The first movable frame 83 and the second movable frame 84are biased forward, toward the objective side, by a first compressioncoil spring 87 and a second compression coil spring 88, respectively.The zoom viewfinder is provided with a cam-incorporated gear 90 having asubstantially cylindrical shape. The cam-incorporated gear 90 is fittedon a rotational shaft 89 to be supported thereon. The rotational shaft89 is fixed to the viewfinder support frame 82 to extend parallel to theoptical axis Z3 (the photographing optical axis Z1).

The cam-incorporated gear 90 is provided at the front end thereof with aspur gear portion 90 a. The cam-incorporated gear 90 is providedimmediately behind the spur gear portion 90 a with a first cam surface90 b, and is provided between the first cam surface 90 b and the rearend of the cam-incorporated gear 90 with a second cam surface 90 c. Thecam-incorporated gear 90 is biased forward by a compression coil spring90 d to remove backlash. A first follower pin 83 a (see FIG. 148)projected from the first movable frame 83 is pressed against the firstcam surface 90 b by the spring force of the first compression coilspring 87, while a second follower pin 84 a (see FIGS. 143, 146 and 148)projected from the second movable frame 84 is pressed against the secondcam surface 90 c by the spring force of the second compression coilspring 88. A rotation of the cam-incorporated gear 90 causes the firstmovable frame 83 and the second movable frame 84 that respectively holdthe first movable power-varying lens 81 b and the second movablepower-varying lens 81 c to move in the optical axis direction in apredetermined moving manner while changing the space therebetween inaccordance with the contours of the first cam surface 90 b and thesecond cam surface 90 c to vary the focal length of the zoom viewfinderin synchronization with the focal length of the zoom lens 71. FIG. 156is a developed view of an outer peripheral surface of thecam-incorporated gear 90, showing the positional relationship betweenthe first follower pin 83 a and the first cam surface 90 b and thepositional relationship between the second follower pin 84 a and thesecond cam surface 90 c in each of three different states, i.e., at thewide-angle extremity, the telephoto extremity and the retracted positionof the zoom lens 71. All the elements of the zoom viewfinder except forthe objective window plate 81 a and the eyepiece window plate 81 h areput together to be prepared as a viewfinder unit (subassembly) 80 asshown in FIG. 143. The viewfinder unit 80 is mounted on top of thestationary barrel 22 via set screws 80 a as shown in FIG. 5.

The digital camera 70 is provided between the helicoid ring 18 and tilecam-incorporated gear 90 with a viewfinder drive gear 30 and a geartrain (reduction gear train) 91. The viewfinder drive gear 30 isprovided with a spur gear portion 30 a which is in mesh with the annulargear 18 c of the helicoid ring 18. Rotation of the zoom motor 150 istransferred from the annular gear 18 c to the cam-incorporated gear 90via the viewfinder drive gear 30 and the gear train 91 (see FIGS. 146and 147). The viewfinder drive gear 30 is provided behind the spur gearportion 30 a with a semi-cylindrical portion 30 b, and is furtherprovided with a front rotational pin 30 c and a rear rotational pin 30 dwhich project from the front end of the spur gear portion 30 a and therear end of the semi-cylindrical portion 30 b, respectively so that thefront rotational pin 30 c and the rear rotational pin 30 d arepositioned on a common rotational axis of the viewfinder drive gear 30.The front rotational pin 30 c is rotatably fitted into a bearing hole 22p (see FIG. 6) formed on the stationary barrel 22 while the rearrotational pin 30 d is rotatably fitted into a bearing hole 21 g (seeFIG. 8) formed on the CCD holder 21. Due to this structure, theviewfinder drive gear 30 is rotatable about its rotational axis (therotational pins 30 c and 30 d) extending parallel to the lens barrelaxis Z0 (the rotational axis of the helicoid ring 18), and is immovablein the optical axis direction. The gear train 91 is composed of aplurality of gears: a first gear 91 a, a second gear 91 b, a third gear91 c and a fourth gear 91 d. Each of the first through third gears 91 a,91 b and 91 c is a double gear consisting of a large gear and a smallgear, and the fourth gear 91 d is a simple spur gear as shown in FIGS. 5and 146. The first through fourth gears 91 a, 91 b, 91 c and 91 d arerespectively rotatably fitted on four rotational pins projecting fromthe stationary barrel 22 in parallel to the photographing optical axisZ1. As shown in FIGS. 5 through 7, a gear hold plate 22 is fixed to thestationary barrel 22 by set screws 92 a to be positioned immediately infront of the first through fourth gears 91 a, 91 b, 91 c and 91 d toprevent the first through fourth gears 91 a, 91 b, 91 c and 91 d fromcoming off their respective rotational pins. With the gear train 91fixed properly at their respective fixing positions as shown in FIGS.146 through 148, rotation of the viewfinder drive gear 30 is imparted tothe cam-incorporated gear 90 via the gear train 91. FIGS. 6 through 8show the zoom lens 71 in a state where the viewfinder drive gear 30, theviewfinder unit 80 and the gear train 91 are all fixed to the stationarybarrel 22.

As described above, the helicoid ring 18 continues to be driven to moveforward along the lens barrel axis Z0 (the photographing optical axisZ1) while rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0 with respect to thestationary barrel 22 and the first linear guide ring 14 until the zoomlens 71 reaches the wide-angle extremity (zooming range) from theretracted position. Thereafter, the helicoid ring 18 rotates about thelens barrel axis Z0 at a fixed position with respect to the stationarybarrel 22 and the first linear guide ring 14, i.e., without moving alongthe lens barrel axis Z0 (the photographing optical axis Z1). FIGS. 23through 25, 144 and 145 show different operational states of thehelicoid ring 18. Specifically, FIGS. 23 and 144 show the helicoid ring18 in the retracted state of the zoom lens 71, FIGS. 24 and 145 show thehelicoid ring 18 at the wide-angle extremity of the zoom lens 71, andFIG. 25 shows the telephoto extremity of the zoom lens 71. In FIGS. 144and 145, the stationary barrel 22 is not shown for the purpose of makingthe relationship between the viewfinder drive gear 30 and the helicoidring 18 easier to understand.

The viewfinder drive gear 30 does not rotate about the lens barrel axisZ0 during the time the helicoid ring 18 rotates about the lens barrelaxis Z0 while moving in the optical axis direction, i.e., during thetime the zoom lens 71 is extended forward from the retracted position toa position immediately behind the wide-angle extremity (i.e.,immediately behind the zooming range). The viewfinder drive gear 30rotates about the lens barrel axis Z0 at a fixed position only when thezoom lens 71 is in the zoom ranging between the wide-angle extremity andthe telephoto extremity. Namely, in the viewfinder drive gear 30, thespur gear portion 30 a is formed thereon to occupy only a front smallpart of the viewfinder drive gear 30, so that the spur gear portion 30 ais not in mesh with the annular gear 18 c of the helicoid ring 18 in theretracted state of the zoom lens 71 because the annular gear 18 c ispositioned behind the front rotational pin 30 c the retracted state ofthe zoom lens 71. The annular gear 18 c reaches the spur gear portion 30a to mesh therewith immediately before the zoom lens 71 reaches thewide-angle extremity. Thereafter, from the wide-angle extremity to thetelephoto extremity, the annular gear 18 c remains in mesh with the spurgear portion 30 a because the helicoid ring 18 does not move in theoptical axis direction (horizontal direction as viewed in FIGS. 23through 25, 144 and 145).

As can be understood from FIGS. 153 through 155, the semi-cylindricalportion 30 b of the viewfinder drive gear 30 is provided with anincomplete cylindrical portion 30 b 1 and a flat surface portion 30 b 2which is formed as a cut-away portion of the incomplete cylindricalportion 30 b 1 so that the flat surface portion 30 b 2 extends along therotational axis of the viewfinder drive gear 30. Accordingly, thesemi-cylindrical portion 30 b has a non-circular cross section, i.e., asubstantially D-shaped cross section. As can be seen in FIGS. 153through 155, some specific teeth of the spur gear portion 30 a adjacentto the flat surface portion 30 b 2 project radially outwards beyond theposition of the flat surface portion 30 b 2 in a direction of engagementof the some specific teeth of the spur gear portion 30 a with theannular gear 18 c (i.e., horizontal direction as viewed in FIG. 153).When the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state, the viewfinder drivegear 30 is in its specific angular position in which the flat surfaceportion 30 b 2 faces the annular gear 18 c of the helicoid ring 18 asshown in FIG. 153. In this state shown in FIG. 153, the viewfinder drivegear 30 cannot rotate even if driven to rotate because the flat surfaceportion 30 b 2 is in close vicinity of the addendum circle of theannular gear 18 c. Namely, even if the viewfinder drive gear 30 tries torotate in the state shown in FIG. 153, the flat surface portion 30 b 2would hit some teeth of the annular gear 18 c, so that the viewfinderdrive gear 30 cannot rotate.

If the helicoid ring 18 moves forward until the annular gear 18 c of thehelicoid ring 18 is properly engaged with the spur gear portion 30 a ofthe viewfinder drive gear 30 as shown in FIG. 145, the portion of thehelicoid ring 18 which includes the entire part of the annular gear 18 cis positioned in front of the semi-cylindrical portion 30 b in theoptical axis direction. In this state, the viewfinder drive gear 30rotates by rotation of the helicoid ring 18 since the semi-cylindricalportion 30 b does not overlap the annular gear 18 c in radial directionsof the zoom lens 71.

Although the helicoid ring 18 is provided in front of the annular gear18 c with the set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b eachhaving a radial height greater than the radial height (tooth depth) ofthe annular gear 18 c, the set of three rotational sliding projections18 b do not interfere with the viewfinder drive gear 30 during the timethe helicoid ring 18 moves between the position thereof at thewide-angle extremity and the position thereof at the telephoto extremitywhile rotating about the lens barrel axis Z0 because the rotation of thehelicoid ring 18 for driving the zoom lens 71 from the retractedposition to the wide-angle extremity is completed while the viewfinderdrive gear 30 is positioned in between two of the three rotationalsliding projections 18 b in a circumferential direction of the helicoidring 18. Thereafter, the set of three rotational sliding projections 18b and the spur gear portion 30 a do not interfere with each other sincethe set of three rotational sliding projections 18 b are positioned infront of the spur gear portion 30 a in the optical axis direction in astate where the annular gear 18 c is engaged with the spur gear portion30 a.

In the above illustrated embodiment, with respect to the helicoid ring18 which rotates about the lens barrel axis Z0 while moving in theoptical axis direction in one state and which rotates at a fixedposition on the lens barrel axis Z0 in another state, the spur gearportion 30 a is formed on the specific portion of the viewfinder drivegear 30 which is engageable with the annular gear 18 c only when thehelicoid ring 18 rotates at its predetermined axial fixed position.Moreover, the semi-cylindrical portion 30 b is formed on the viewfinderdrive gear 30 behind the spur gear portion 30 a thereof, so that theviewfinder drive gear 30 is prohibited from rotating by interference ofthe semi-cylindrical portion 30 b with the annular gear 18 c during thetime the helicoid ring 18 rotates about the lens barrel axis Z0 whilemoving in the optical axis direction. Due to this structure, althoughthe viewfinder drive gear 30 does not rotate while the zoom lens 71 isextended or retracted between the retracted position and a positionimmediately behind the wide-angle extremity, the viewfinder drive gear30 rotates only when the zoom lens 71 is driven to change its focallength between the wide-angle extremity and the telephoto extremity. Inshort, the viewfinder drive gear 30 is driven only when the viewfinderdrive gear 30 needs to be associated with the photographing opticalsystem of the zoom lens 71.

Assuming the viewfinder drive gear 30 rotates whenever the helicoid ring18 rotates, a drive transfer system extending from the viewfinder drivegear to a movable lens of the zoom viewfinder has to be provided with anidle running section for disengaging the movable lens from theviewfinder drive gear, because the viewfinder drive gear 30 rotates evenwhen it is not necessary to drive the zoom viewfinder, i.e., when thezoom lens 71 is extended forward to the wide-angle extremity from theretracted state. FIG. 157 is a developed view, similar to that of FIG.156, of an outer peripheral surface of a cam-incorporated gear 90′(which corresponds to the cam-incorporated gear 90 of the zoom lens 71)which is provided with such an idle running section. In each of FIGS.156 and 157, the spur gear portion 90 a is not shown for clarity.

A first cam surface 90 b′ of the cam-incorporated gear 90′, whichcorrespond to the first cam surface 90 b of the cam-incorporated gear90, is provided with a long linear surface 90 b 1′ for preventing afollower pin 83 a′ (which corresponds to the follower pin 83 a) frommoving in an optical axis direction Z3′ (which corresponds to theoptical axis Z3) even if the cam-incorporated gear 90 rotates. Likewise,a second cam surface 90 c′ of the cam-incorporated gear 90′, whichcorrespond to the second cam surface 90 c of the cam-incorporated gear90, is provided with a long linear surface 90 c 1′ for preventing afollower pin 84 a′ (which corresponds to the follower pin 84 a) frommoving in the optical axis direction Z3′ even if the cam-incorporatedgear 90 rotates. As can be understood by a comparison between FIGS. 156and 157, the long linear surface 90 b 1′ consumes a largecircumferential range of the first cam surface 90 b′ to thereby shortenthe remaining circumferential range of the first cam surface 90 b′ whichis used as a cam surface for moving the follower pin 83 a′ in theoptical axis direction; this inevitably increases the degree ofinclination of the cam surface. Likewise, the long linear surface 90 c1′ consumes a large circumferential range of the second cam surface 90c′ to thereby shorten the remaining circumferential range of the secondcam surface 90 c′ which is used as a cam surface for moving the followerpin 84 a′ in the optical axis direction; this inevitably increases thedegree of inclination of the cam surface. If the degree of inclinationof each of the first cam surface 90 b′ and the second cam surface 90 c′is great, the amount of movement of each follower pin 83′ and 84′ alongthe rotational axis of the cam-incorporated gear 90′ (i.e., along theoptical axis Z3) per unit of rotation of the cam-incorporated gear 90′becomes great, which makes it difficult to move each follower pin 83′and 84′ with a high degree of positioning accuracy. If the degree ofinclination of each of the first cam surface 90 b′ and the second camsurface 90 c′ is reduced to prevent this problem from occurring, thediameter of the cam-incorporated gear 90′ has to be increased, which isdetrimental to miniaturization of the zoom lens. This problem is alsotrue for the case of adopting a cam plate instead of a cylindrical cammember such as the cam-incorporated gear 90.

In contrast, in the present embodiment of the zoom lens, in which theviewfinder drive gear 30 is not driven when not necessary to rotate, thecam-incorporated gear 90 does not have to be provided on each of thefirst and second cam surfaces 90 b and 90 c with an idle runningsection. Therefore, an effective circumferential range of a cam surfacefor moving the follower pin 83 a or 84 a in the optical axis directioncan be secured on each of the first and second cam surfaces 90 b and 90c without increasing either the degree of inclination of the camsurfaces or the diameter of the cam-incorporated gear 90. In otherwords, miniaturizing the drive system for the zoom viewfinder anddriving the movable lenses of the viewfinder optical system with highaccuracy can be both achieved. In the present embodiment of the zoomlens, the first and second cam surfaces 90 b and 90 c of thecam-incorporated gear 90 are provided with linear surfaces 90 b 1 and 90c 1 which look like the aforementioned linear surfaces 90 b 1′ and 90 c1′, respectively, due to the fact that the annular gear 18 c is broughtinto engagement with the spur gear portion 30 a intentionally at themoment immediately before the zoom lens 71 reaches the zooming range(the wide-angle extremity) when the zoom lens 71 is extended forwardfrom the retracted position in consideration of backlash and play amonggears shown in FIGS. 146 through 148. Nevertheless, the circumferentiallengths of the linear surfaces 90 b 1 and 90 c 1 are much smaller thanthose of the linear surfaces 90 b 1′ and 90 c 1′ of the comparativeembodiment.

In the present embodiment of the zoom lens, the annular gear 18 c isformed so that the spur gear portion 30 a of the viewfinder drive gear30 can smoothly mesh with the annular gear 18 c. Specifically, one of aplurality of gear teeth of the annular gear 18 c, i.e., a short geartooth 18 c 1 is formed to have a shorter tooth depth than those of othernormal gear teeth 18 b 2 of the annular gear 18 c.

FIGS. 149 through 152 show the positional relationship between theannular gear 18 c of the helicoid ring 18 and the spur gear portion 30 aof the viewfinder drive gear 30 in different states in time sequence inthe course of variation in state of the zoom lens from the state shownin FIG. 144 in which the zoom lens 71 is in the retracted state to thestate as shown in FIG. 145 in which the zoom lens 71 is set atwide-angle extremity. The positional relationship between the annulargear 18 c and the spur gear portion 30 a is obtained in the middle ofrotation of the helicoid ring 18 in a direction from the retractedposition to the wide-angle extremity.

Subsequently, the short gear teeth 18 c 1 approaches the spur gearportion 30 a and is positioned in the immediate vicinity of the spurgear portion 30 a as shown in FIG. 150. FIG. 153 shows this state shownin FIG. 150, viewed from the front of the viewfinder drive gear 30. Itcan be seen from FIG. 153 that the short gear teeth 18 c 1 is not yetengaged with the spur gear portion 30 a. The normal gear teeth 18 c 2are positioned farther from the spur gear portion 30 a than the shortgear tooth 18 c 1, and therefore are not yet engaged with the spur gearportion 30 a either. No gear teeth serving as gear teeth of the annulargear 18 c is formed on a specific portion of the outer peripheralsurface of the helicoid ring 18; the specific portion is right next tothe short gear tooth 18 c 1 on one of the opposite sides thereof in thecircumferential direction of the helicoid ring 18. Accordingly, at thestage shown in FIGS. 150 and 153, the annular gear 18 c is not yetengaged with the spur gear portion 30 a, so that rotation of thehelicoid rig 18 is not yet transferred to the viewfinder drive gear 30.In this connection, at the stage shown in FIGS. 150 and 153, a part ofthe annular gear 18 c still faces the flat surface portion 30 b 2 toprohibit the viewfinder drive gear 30 from rotating.

A further rotation of the helicoid ring 18 in the lens barrel advancingdirection causes to the short gear tooth 18 c 1 to reach its positionshown in FIG. 151. At this stage shown in FIG. 151, the short gear tooth18 c 1 comes into contact with one of the teeth of the spur gear portion30 a and subsequently presses the same in the lens barrel advancingdirection (upwards as viewed in FIG. 151) to start rotating theviewfinder drive gear 30.

A further rotation of the helicoid ring 18 in the lens barrel advancingdirection causes a gear tooth of the normal tooth gear 18 c 2, which isadjacent to the short gear tooth 18 c 1 on one of the opposite sidesthereof in the circumferential direction of the helicoid ring 18, topress the subsequent gear teeth of the spur gear portion 30 a to keeprotating the viewfinder drive gear 30. Thereafter, the annular gear 18 cimparts a further rotation of the helicoid ring 18 to the viewfinderdrive gear 30 via the engagement of the normal tooth gear 18 c 2 withthe gear teeth of the spur gear portion 30 a. At the stage shown in FIG.145 at which the helicoid ring 18 reaches the position thereof at thewide-angle extremity, the short gear teeth 18 c 1 is not used for thesubsequent rotation of the helicoid ring 18 in the zooming range betweenthe wide-angle extremity and the telephoto extremity since the shortgear teeth 18 c 1 has already passed the point of engagement with thespur gear portion 30 a.

Accordingly, in the present embodiment of the zoom lens, a portion ofthe annular gear 18 c, which is firstly engaged with the spur gearportion 30 a of the viewfinder drive gear 30, is formed as at least oneshort gear tooth (18 c 1), the teeth depth of which is smaller thanthose of the other gear teeth of the annular gear 18 c. According tothis construction, the annular gear 18 c can be reliably and surelyenraged with the spur gear portion 30 a upon commencement of engagementtherewith. Namely, in the case of tall (normal) gear teeth, since thetips of mutually neighboring tall gear teeth having very differentrelative angles, the engagement thereof is shallow (the initialengagement range is narrow) so that there is a chance of engagementtherebetween failing (miss engagement). Whereas, since the short gearteeth 18 c 1 moves until the relative angle between the short gear teeth18 c 1 and the tall gear teeth (the spur gear portion 30 a of theviewfinder drive gear 30) becomes substantially the same beforeengaging, a deeper engagement is achieved (the initial engagement rangeis wide), so that there is no chance of engagement therebetween failing(missing engagement). Furthermore, this structure reduces the shock atthe movement of engagement of the annular gear 18 c with the spur gearportion 30 a, thus making it possible to smoothly start operations ofthe zoom viewfinder drive system including the viewfinder drive gear 30and to reduce the noise produced by the zoom viewfinder drive system.

Although the above descriptions have been directed mainly to thefeatures found in operations of the zoom lens 71 when the zoom lens 71advances from the retracted position toward the zooming range, similarfeatures can surely be expected in operations of the zoom lens 71 whenthe zoom lens 71 retracts to the retracted position.

As can be understood from the foregoing, in the present embodiment ofthe cam mechanism, a plurality of cam grooves (parallel cam grooves) anda plurality of cam followers (complementing cam followers) are arrangedat different positions in a direction of the rotational axis of a camring (the cam ring 11), i.e., in the optical axis direction, and atleast one cam groove and at least one cam follower are engaged with eachother in an operating condition of the zoom lens. This makes it possibleto move the linearly movable member (the second lens group moving frame8) by an amount of movement greater than the length of the cam ring inthe direction of the rotational axis of the cam ring.

Additionally, in the present embodiment of the cam mechanism, aplurality of cam groove groups (G1, G2 and G3) are formed on the camring at different positions in a circumferential direction of the camring, wherein each group includes at least two parallel cam grooves (11a-1 and 11 a-2) formed at different positions in the direction of therotational axis of the cam ring, and wherein each cam groove group (G1,G2, G3) includes at least one intersecting cam (same as the parallel camgroove) groove which intersects with another cam groove of an adjacentcam groove group, and furthermore one complementing cam follower of thelinearly movable member remains engaged in corresponding one of the atleast two parallel cam grooves when another complementing cam followerof the linearly movable member passes through an intersection of the camgrooves within operating ranges thereof Accordingly, the intersectiondoes not impair the guiding performance of the present embodiment of thecam mechanism constructed from cam grooves and cam followers. Namely,the cam followers are properly guided by the cam grooves withoutproblems even though at least two cam grooves included in each group ofthe plurality of groups of cam grooves intersect each other. Thisimproves the degree of freedom in designing the contour (reference camdiagram) of each cam groove, and make it possible to move a drivenobject with a high degree of positioning accuracy even if a small (i.e.,thin the rotational axis direction thereof) cam ring is used.

The present invention is not limited solely to the particular embodimentdescribed above. For instance, in the above illustrated embodiment ofthe cam mechanism, the front inner cam groove 11 a-1 and the rear innercam groove 11 a-2 of each pair of the first through third pairs of camgrooves G1, G2 and G3 are formed on the cam ring 11 with a positionaldifference HJ in a circumferential direction of the cam ring 11.However, as shown in FIG. 158, an embodiment is possible wherein thefront inner cam groove 11 a-1′ and the rear inner cam groove 11 a-2′ ofeach pair of the first through third pairs of cam grooves G1′, G2′ andG3′ are formed on the cam ring 11 at the same circumferential positionthereof. FIG. 158 shows such an embodiment at a intermediate positionbetween the retracted state (not shown) and the wide extremity (notshown) wherein front cam follower 8 b-1 is positioned at theintersection between the front inner cam groove 11 a-1′ and the rearinner cam groove 11 a-2′. In this state, likewise with theabove-illustrated embodiment (see FIG. 83), each of the rear camfollowers 8 b-2 remains engaged in corresponding rear inner cam groove11 a-2′.

Although the plurality of inner cam grooves 11 a (the set of three frontinner cam grooves 11 a-1 and the set of three rear inner cam grooves 11a-2) are provided as three groups of cam grooves (the first pair of camgrooves G1, the second pair of cam grooves G2 and the third pair of camgrooves G3) which are formed at different circumferential positions in acircumferential direction of the cam ring while the plurality of camfollowers 8 b (the set of three front cam followers 8 b-1 and the set ofset of three rear cam followers 8 b-2) are also provided as three groupsof cam followers which are formed at different circumferential positionsin circumferential direction of the second lens group moving frame 8 inthe above illustrated embodiment, the number of groups of cam groovesformed on the cam ring 11 and the corresponding number of groups of camfollowers formed on the second lens group moving frame 8 can be at leasttwo, e.g., two or more than three.

Although the number of cam grooves (11 a-1 and 11 a-2) included in eachgroup of the three groups of cam grooves G1, G2 and G3 and formed atdifferent positions along a rotational axis of the cam ring 11 is twowhile the number of cam followers (8 b-1 and 8 b-2) included in eachgroup of the three groups of cam followers and formed at differentpositions along the rotational axis of the cam ring 11 is also two inthe above illustrated embodiment, the number of cam grooves and thenumber of cam grooves can be more than three. In the case where thenumber of cam grooves and the number of cam grooves is more than three,not only each of the frontmost and rearmost cam grooves is formed not toinclude a part of the entire portion of the associated reference camdiagram VT, but also the middle cam groove is formed so as not toinclude a part of the entire portion of the associated reference camdiagram VT.

Although each front inner cam groove 11 a-1 is formed as a partial(short) cam groove excluding a front part of the entire portion of theassociated reference cam diagram VT while each rear inner cam groove 11a-2 is formed as a partial (short) cam groove excluding a rear part ofthe entire portion of the associated reference cam diagram VT, theposition of each end opening of either of the cam grooves 11 a-1 and 11a-2 is optional. For instance, each rear inner cam groove 11 a-2 doesnot need to be provided with the front end opening G4 if the cam ringdoes not have to be made in consideration of the workability ofassembling and disassembling the zoom lens 71.

Although the above illustrated embodiment relates to a zoom lens of adigital camera, the present invention can be applied to any otheroptical instruments.

Obvious changes may be made in the specific embodiments of the presentinvention described herein, such modifications being within the spiritand scope of the invention claimed. It is indicated that all mattercontained herein is illustrative and does not limit the scope of thepresent invention.

1. A cam mechanism comprising: a cam ring; and a linearly movable framemovable by said cam ring along an optical axis of an optical systemwithout rotating, by engagement of a plurality of cam groove groupslocated on said cam ring with a plurality of cam follower groups locatedon said linearly movable frame when said cam ring is rotated, saidlinearly movable frame supporting at least one optical element of saidoptical system, wherein said plurality of cam groove groups are locatedat different positions in a circumferential direction of said cam ring,and wherein each said cam groove group comprises at least two cangrooves located at different positions in at least said optical axisdirection and respectively trace substantially a same reference camdiagram; wherein at least one of said two cam grooves of one said camgroove group intersects with another of said two cam grooves of anothersaid cam groove group, said another said cam groove adjacent to said atleast one said cam groove in said circumferential direction; whereinsaid plurality of cam follower groups are located at different positionsin a circumferential direction of said linearly movable frame, andwherein each cam follower group comprises at least two complementing camfollowers located at different positions in said optical axis directionand are engageable with said at least two cam grooves of each said camgroove group, respectively; and wherein in each said cam groove group,at least one of said at least two complementing cam followers of eachsaid cam follower group remains engaged in a corresponding one of saidat least two cam grooves when another cam follower of said at least twocomplementing cam followers passes through an intersection area of saidintersecting cam grooves during a rotation of said cam ring.
 2. The cammechanism according to claim 1, wherein said intersecting cam groovesare located at different positions in said optical axis direction. 3.The cam mechanism according to claim 1, wherein in each said cam groovegroup, each said cam groove is a partial cam groove having at least oneend opening at at least one of opposite ends of said cam ring, so as notto include an entire portion of said reference cam diagram; and whereinin each said cam groove group, at least one cam follower of said atleast two complementing cam followers remains engaged in a correspondingone of said at least two cam grooves, while another of said at least twocomplementing cam followers comes out of said end opening ofcorresponding another cam groove of said at least two cam grooves. 4.The cam mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said reference camdiagram includes a zooming range and is configured to perform a zoomingoperation; and wherein in each said cam groove group, the intersectionof said intersecting cam grooves is outside said zooming range.
 5. Thecam mechanism according to claim 1, wherein each of said plurality ofcam groove groups comprises a first cam groove and a second cam groove,and wherein each of said plurality of cam follower groups comprises afirst cam follower and a second cam follower which are engaged in saidfirst cam groove and said second cam groove, respectively.
 6. The cammechanism according to claim 5, wherein both said first cam groove andsaid second cam groove of each said cam groove group include saidintersection.
 7. The cam mechanism according to claim 6, wherein saidfirst cam groove of each said cam groove group intersects said secondcam groove of another cam groove group.
 8. The cam mechanism accordingto claim 1, wherein said optical system comprises a plurality of movablelens groups movable in said optical axis direction while changing adistance therebetween by a rotation of said cam ring, said linearlymovable frame supporting at least one of said plurality of movable lensgroups.
 9. The cam mechanism according to claim 1, wherein said opticalsystem comprises a photographing lens system.
 10. A digital camerahaving a body and a cam mechanism housed within the body, and an imagedisplay panel affixed to the body, the cam mechanism comprising: a camring; and a generally linearly movable frame movable by said cam ringalong an optical axis of an optical system, by engagement of a pluralityof cam groove groups located on said cam ring with a plurality of camfollower groups located on said linearly movable frame when said camring is rotated, said linearly movable frame supporting at least oneoptical element of said optical system, wherein said plurality of camgroove groups are located at different positions in a circumferentialdirection of said cam ring, and wherein each said cam groove groupcomprises at least two cam grooves located at different positions in atleast said optical axis direction and respectively trace substantially asame reference cam diagram; wherein at least one of said two cam groovesof one said cam groove group intersects with another of said two camgrooves of another said cam groove group, said another said cam grooveadjacent to said at least one said cam groove in said circumferentialdirection; wherein said plurality of cam follower groups are located atdifferent positions in a circumferential direction of said linearlymovable frame, and wherein each cam follower group comprises at leasttwo complementing cam followers located at different positions in saidoptical axis direction and are engageable with said at least two camgrooves of each said cam groove group, respectively; and wherein in eachsaid cam groove group, at least one of said at least two complementingcam followers of each said cam follower group remains engaged in acorresponding one of said at least two cam grooves when another camfollower of said at least two complementing cam followers passes throughan intersection area of said intersecting cam grooves during a rotationof said cam ring.
 11. The camera according according to claim 10,wherein said intersecting cam grooves are located at different positionsin said optical axis direction.
 12. The camera according to claim 10,wherein in each said cam groove group, each said cam groove is a partialcam groove having at least one end opening at at least one of oppositeends of said cam ring, so as not to include an entire portion of saidreference cam diagram; and wherein in each said cam groove group, atleast one cam follower of said at least two complementing cam followersremains engaged in a corresponding one of said at least two cam grooves,while another of said at least two complementing cam followers comes outof said end opening of corresponding another cam groove of said at leasttwo cam grooves.
 13. The camera according to claim 10, wherein saidreference cam diagram includes a zooming range and is configured toperform a zooming operation; and wherein in each said cam groove group,the intersection of said intersecting cam grooves is outside saidzooming range.
 14. The camera according to claim 10, wherein each ofsaid plurality of cam groove groups comprises a first cam groove and asecond cam groove, and wherein each of said plurality of cam followergroups comprises a first cam follower and a second cam follower whichare engaged in said first cam groove and said second cam groove,respectively.
 15. The camera according to claim 14, wherein both saidfirst cam groove and said second cam groove of each said cam groovegroup include said intersection.
 16. The camera according to claim 15,wherein said first cam groove of each said cam groove group intersectssaid second cam groove of another cam groove group.
 17. The cameraaccording to claim 10, wherein said optical system comprises a pluralityof movable lens groups movable in said optical axis direction whilechanging a distance therebetween by a rotation of said cam ring, saidlinearly movable frame supporting at least one of said plurality ofmovable lens groups.
 18. The camera according to claim 10, wherein saidoptical system comprises a photographing lens system.